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8efc0c15 1/*
6ae2364d 2 *
5260325f 3 * auth-rsa.c
6ae2364d 4 *
5260325f 5 * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
6ae2364d 6 *
5260325f 7 * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
8 * All rights reserved
6ae2364d 9 *
5260325f 10 * Created: Mon Mar 27 01:46:52 1995 ylo
6ae2364d 11 *
5260325f 12 * RSA-based authentication. This code determines whether to admit a login
13 * based on RSA authentication. This file also contains functions to check
14 * validity of the host key.
6ae2364d 15 *
5260325f 16 */
8efc0c15 17
18#include "includes.h"
19RCSID("$Id$");
20
21#include "rsa.h"
22#include "packet.h"
23#include "xmalloc.h"
24#include "ssh.h"
25#include "mpaux.h"
26#include "uidswap.h"
4fe2af09 27#include "match.h"
6fa724bc 28#include "servconf.h"
8efc0c15 29
30#include <openssl/rsa.h>
31#include <openssl/md5.h>
32
33/* Flags that may be set in authorized_keys options. */
34extern int no_port_forwarding_flag;
35extern int no_agent_forwarding_flag;
36extern int no_x11_forwarding_flag;
37extern int no_pty_flag;
38extern char *forced_command;
39extern struct envstring *custom_environment;
40
aa3378df 41/*
42 * Session identifier that is used to bind key exchange and authentication
43 * responses to a particular session.
44 */
8efc0c15 45extern unsigned char session_id[16];
46
aa3378df 47/*
48 * The .ssh/authorized_keys file contains public keys, one per line, in the
49 * following format:
50 * options bits e n comment
51 * where bits, e and n are decimal numbers,
52 * and comment is any string of characters up to newline. The maximum
53 * length of a line is 8000 characters. See the documentation for a
54 * description of the options.
55 */
8efc0c15 56
aa3378df 57/*
58 * Performs the RSA authentication challenge-response dialog with the client,
59 * and returns true (non-zero) if the client gave the correct answer to
60 * our challenge; returns zero if the client gives a wrong answer.
61 */
8efc0c15 62
63int
4fe2af09 64auth_rsa_challenge_dialog(RSA *pk)
8efc0c15 65{
c8d54615 66 BIGNUM *challenge, *encrypted_challenge;
c8d54615 67 BN_CTX *ctx;
5260325f 68 unsigned char buf[32], mdbuf[16], response[16];
69 MD5_CTX md;
70 unsigned int i;
71 int plen, len;
72
73 encrypted_challenge = BN_new();
74 challenge = BN_new();
5260325f 75
76 /* Generate a random challenge. */
77 BN_rand(challenge, 256, 0, 0);
c8d54615 78 ctx = BN_CTX_new();
4fe2af09 79 BN_mod(challenge, challenge, pk->n, ctx);
c8d54615 80 BN_CTX_free(ctx);
5260325f 81
5260325f 82 /* Encrypt the challenge with the public key. */
83 rsa_public_encrypt(encrypted_challenge, challenge, pk);
5260325f 84
85 /* Send the encrypted challenge to the client. */
86 packet_start(SSH_SMSG_AUTH_RSA_CHALLENGE);
87 packet_put_bignum(encrypted_challenge);
88 packet_send();
c8d54615 89 BN_clear_free(encrypted_challenge);
5260325f 90 packet_write_wait();
91
c8d54615 92 /* Wait for a response. */
93 packet_read_expect(&plen, SSH_CMSG_AUTH_RSA_RESPONSE);
94 packet_integrity_check(plen, 16, SSH_CMSG_AUTH_RSA_RESPONSE);
95 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
96 response[i] = packet_get_char();
97
5260325f 98 /* The response is MD5 of decrypted challenge plus session id. */
99 len = BN_num_bytes(challenge);
100 if (len <= 0 || len > 32)
101 fatal("auth_rsa_challenge_dialog: bad challenge length %d", len);
102 memset(buf, 0, 32);
103 BN_bn2bin(challenge, buf + 32 - len);
104 MD5_Init(&md);
105 MD5_Update(&md, buf, 32);
106 MD5_Update(&md, session_id, 16);
107 MD5_Final(mdbuf, &md);
5260325f 108 BN_clear_free(challenge);
5260325f 109
110 /* Verify that the response is the original challenge. */
111 if (memcmp(response, mdbuf, 16) != 0) {
112 /* Wrong answer. */
113 return 0;
114 }
115 /* Correct answer. */
116 return 1;
8efc0c15 117}
118
aa3378df 119/*
120 * Performs the RSA authentication dialog with the client. This returns
121 * 0 if the client could not be authenticated, and 1 if authentication was
122 * successful. This may exit if there is a serious protocol violation.
123 */
8efc0c15 124
125int
6fa724bc 126auth_rsa(struct passwd *pw, BIGNUM *client_n)
8efc0c15 127{
5260325f 128 extern ServerOptions options;
129 char line[8192], file[1024];
130 int authenticated;
131 unsigned int bits;
132 FILE *f;
133 unsigned long linenum = 0;
134 struct stat st;
4fe2af09 135 RSA *pk;
fa649821 136 int mname, mip;
5260325f 137
138 /* Temporarily use the user's uid. */
139 temporarily_use_uid(pw->pw_uid);
140
141 /* The authorized keys. */
142 snprintf(file, sizeof file, "%.500s/%.100s", pw->pw_dir,
143 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS);
144
145 /* Fail quietly if file does not exist */
146 if (stat(file, &st) < 0) {
147 /* Restore the privileged uid. */
148 restore_uid();
149 return 0;
8efc0c15 150 }
5260325f 151 /* Open the file containing the authorized keys. */
152 f = fopen(file, "r");
153 if (!f) {
154 /* Restore the privileged uid. */
155 restore_uid();
156 packet_send_debug("Could not open %.900s for reading.", file);
157 packet_send_debug("If your home is on an NFS volume, it may need to be world-readable.");
158 return 0;
8efc0c15 159 }
5260325f 160 if (options.strict_modes) {
161 int fail = 0;
162 char buf[1024];
163 /* Check open file in order to avoid open/stat races */
164 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0 ||
165 (st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != pw->pw_uid) ||
166 (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
167 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "RSA authentication refused for %.100s: "
168 "bad ownership or modes for '%s'.", pw->pw_name, file);
169 fail = 1;
170 } else {
171 /* Check path to SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS */
172 int i;
173 static const char *check[] = {
174 "", SSH_USER_DIR, NULL
175 };
176 for (i = 0; check[i]; i++) {
177 snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.500s/%.100s", pw->pw_dir, check[i]);
178 if (stat(line, &st) < 0 ||
179 (st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != pw->pw_uid) ||
180 (st.st_mode & 022) != 0) {
181 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "RSA authentication refused for %.100s: "
182 "bad ownership or modes for '%s'.", pw->pw_name, line);
183 fail = 1;
184 break;
185 }
186 }
8efc0c15 187 }
5260325f 188 if (fail) {
a306f2dd 189 fclose(f);
5260325f 190 log(buf);
191 packet_send_debug(buf);
192 restore_uid();
193 return 0;
8efc0c15 194 }
5260325f 195 }
196 /* Flag indicating whether authentication has succeeded. */
197 authenticated = 0;
198
4fe2af09 199 pk = RSA_new();
200 pk->e = BN_new();
201 pk->n = BN_new();
5260325f 202
aa3378df 203 /*
204 * Go though the accepted keys, looking for the current key. If
205 * found, perform a challenge-response dialog to verify that the
206 * user really has the corresponding private key.
207 */
5260325f 208 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
209 char *cp;
210 char *options;
211
212 linenum++;
213
aa3378df 214 /* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
215 for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
216 ;
5260325f 217 if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
218 continue;
219
aa3378df 220 /*
221 * Check if there are options for this key, and if so,
222 * save their starting address and skip the option part
223 * for now. If there are no options, set the starting
224 * address to NULL.
225 */
5260325f 226 if (*cp < '0' || *cp > '9') {
227 int quoted = 0;
228 options = cp;
229 for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' && *cp != '\t')); cp++) {
230 if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
231 cp++; /* Skip both */
232 else if (*cp == '"')
233 quoted = !quoted;
8efc0c15 234 }
5260325f 235 } else
236 options = NULL;
237
238 /* Parse the key from the line. */
4fe2af09 239 if (!auth_rsa_read_key(&cp, &bits, pk->e, pk->n)) {
5260325f 240 debug("%.100s, line %lu: bad key syntax",
241 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum);
242 packet_send_debug("%.100s, line %lu: bad key syntax",
6ae2364d 243 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum);
5260325f 244 continue;
8efc0c15 245 }
5260325f 246 /* cp now points to the comment part. */
247
5260325f 248 /* Check if the we have found the desired key (identified by its modulus). */
4fe2af09 249 if (BN_cmp(pk->n, client_n) != 0)
aa3378df 250 continue;
5260325f 251
57112b5a 252 /* check the real bits */
4fe2af09 253 if (bits != BN_num_bits(pk->n))
57112b5a 254 log("Warning: %s, line %ld: keysize mismatch: "
255 "actual %d vs. announced %d.",
4fe2af09 256 file, linenum, BN_num_bits(pk->n), bits);
57112b5a 257
5260325f 258 /* We have found the desired key. */
259
260 /* Perform the challenge-response dialog for this key. */
4fe2af09 261 if (!auth_rsa_challenge_dialog(pk)) {
5260325f 262 /* Wrong response. */
263 verbose("Wrong response to RSA authentication challenge.");
264 packet_send_debug("Wrong response to RSA authentication challenge.");
265 continue;
8efc0c15 266 }
aa3378df 267 /*
268 * Correct response. The client has been successfully
269 * authenticated. Note that we have not yet processed the
270 * options; this will be reset if the options cause the
271 * authentication to be rejected.
272 */
5260325f 273 authenticated = 1;
274
275 /* RSA part of authentication was accepted. Now process the options. */
276 if (options) {
277 while (*options && *options != ' ' && *options != '\t') {
278 cp = "no-port-forwarding";
279 if (strncmp(options, cp, strlen(cp)) == 0) {
280 packet_send_debug("Port forwarding disabled.");
281 no_port_forwarding_flag = 1;
282 options += strlen(cp);
283 goto next_option;
284 }
285 cp = "no-agent-forwarding";
286 if (strncmp(options, cp, strlen(cp)) == 0) {
287 packet_send_debug("Agent forwarding disabled.");
288 no_agent_forwarding_flag = 1;
289 options += strlen(cp);
290 goto next_option;
291 }
292 cp = "no-X11-forwarding";
293 if (strncmp(options, cp, strlen(cp)) == 0) {
294 packet_send_debug("X11 forwarding disabled.");
295 no_x11_forwarding_flag = 1;
296 options += strlen(cp);
297 goto next_option;
298 }
299 cp = "no-pty";
300 if (strncmp(options, cp, strlen(cp)) == 0) {
301 packet_send_debug("Pty allocation disabled.");
302 no_pty_flag = 1;
303 options += strlen(cp);
304 goto next_option;
305 }
306 cp = "command=\"";
307 if (strncmp(options, cp, strlen(cp)) == 0) {
308 int i;
309 options += strlen(cp);
310 forced_command = xmalloc(strlen(options) + 1);
311 i = 0;
312 while (*options) {
313 if (*options == '"')
314 break;
315 if (*options == '\\' && options[1] == '"') {
316 options += 2;
317 forced_command[i++] = '"';
318 continue;
319 }
320 forced_command[i++] = *options++;
321 }
322 if (!*options) {
323 debug("%.100s, line %lu: missing end quote",
324 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum);
325 packet_send_debug("%.100s, line %lu: missing end quote",
326 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum);
327 continue;
328 }
329 forced_command[i] = 0;
330 packet_send_debug("Forced command: %.900s", forced_command);
331 options++;
332 goto next_option;
333 }
334 cp = "environment=\"";
335 if (strncmp(options, cp, strlen(cp)) == 0) {
336 int i;
337 char *s;
338 struct envstring *new_envstring;
339 options += strlen(cp);
340 s = xmalloc(strlen(options) + 1);
341 i = 0;
342 while (*options) {
343 if (*options == '"')
344 break;
345 if (*options == '\\' && options[1] == '"') {
346 options += 2;
347 s[i++] = '"';
348 continue;
349 }
350 s[i++] = *options++;
351 }
352 if (!*options) {
353 debug("%.100s, line %lu: missing end quote",
354 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum);
355 packet_send_debug("%.100s, line %lu: missing end quote",
356 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum);
357 continue;
358 }
359 s[i] = 0;
360 packet_send_debug("Adding to environment: %.900s", s);
361 debug("Adding to environment: %.900s", s);
362 options++;
363 new_envstring = xmalloc(sizeof(struct envstring));
364 new_envstring->s = s;
365 new_envstring->next = custom_environment;
366 custom_environment = new_envstring;
367 goto next_option;
368 }
369 cp = "from=\"";
370 if (strncmp(options, cp, strlen(cp)) == 0) {
371 char *patterns = xmalloc(strlen(options) + 1);
372 int i;
373 options += strlen(cp);
374 i = 0;
375 while (*options) {
376 if (*options == '"')
377 break;
378 if (*options == '\\' && options[1] == '"') {
379 options += 2;
380 patterns[i++] = '"';
381 continue;
382 }
383 patterns[i++] = *options++;
384 }
385 if (!*options) {
386 debug("%.100s, line %lu: missing end quote",
387 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum);
388 packet_send_debug("%.100s, line %lu: missing end quote",
389 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum);
390 continue;
391 }
392 patterns[i] = 0;
393 options++;
fa649821 394 /*
395 * Deny access if we get a negative
396 * match for the hostname or the ip
397 * or if we get not match at all
398 */
399 mname = match_hostname(get_canonical_hostname(),
400 patterns, strlen(patterns));
401 mip = match_hostname(get_remote_ipaddr(),
402 patterns, strlen(patterns));
403 if (mname == -1 || mip == -1 ||
404 (mname != 1 && mip != 1)) {
5260325f 405 log("RSA authentication tried for %.100s with correct key but not from a permitted host (host=%.200s, ip=%.200s).",
406 pw->pw_name, get_canonical_hostname(),
407 get_remote_ipaddr());
408 packet_send_debug("Your host '%.200s' is not permitted to use this key for login.",
409 get_canonical_hostname());
410 xfree(patterns);
7b2ea3a1 411 /* key invalid for this host, reset flags */
5260325f 412 authenticated = 0;
7b2ea3a1 413 no_agent_forwarding_flag = 0;
414 no_port_forwarding_flag = 0;
415 no_pty_flag = 0;
416 no_x11_forwarding_flag = 0;
417 while (custom_environment) {
418 struct envstring *ce = custom_environment;
419 custom_environment = ce->next;
420 xfree(ce->s);
421 xfree(ce);
422 }
423 if (forced_command) {
424 xfree(forced_command);
425 forced_command = NULL;
426 }
5260325f 427 break;
428 }
429 xfree(patterns);
430 /* Host name matches. */
431 goto next_option;
432 }
433 bad_option:
5260325f 434 log("Bad options in %.100s file, line %lu: %.50s",
435 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum, options);
436 packet_send_debug("Bad options in %.100s file, line %lu: %.50s",
437 SSH_USER_PERMITTED_KEYS, linenum, options);
438 authenticated = 0;
439 break;
440
441 next_option:
aa3378df 442 /*
443 * Skip the comma, and move to the next option
444 * (or break out if there are no more).
445 */
5260325f 446 if (!*options)
447 fatal("Bugs in auth-rsa.c option processing.");
448 if (*options == ' ' || *options == '\t')
aa3378df 449 break; /* End of options. */
5260325f 450 if (*options != ',')
451 goto bad_option;
452 options++;
453 /* Process the next option. */
454 continue;
8efc0c15 455 }
8efc0c15 456 }
aa3378df 457 /*
458 * Break out of the loop if authentication was successful;
459 * otherwise continue searching.
460 */
5260325f 461 if (authenticated)
462 break;
8efc0c15 463 }
464
5260325f 465 /* Restore the privileged uid. */
466 restore_uid();
8efc0c15 467
5260325f 468 /* Close the file. */
469 fclose(f);
8efc0c15 470
4fe2af09 471 RSA_free(pk);
8efc0c15 472
5260325f 473 if (authenticated)
474 packet_send_debug("RSA authentication accepted.");
8efc0c15 475
5260325f 476 /* Return authentication result. */
477 return authenticated;
8efc0c15 478}
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