4 You will need working installations of Zlib and OpenSSL.
6 Zlib 1.1.4 or 1.2.1.2 or greater (ealier 1.2.x versions have problems):
7 http://www.gzip.org/zlib/
9 OpenSSL 0.9.6 or greater:
10 http://www.openssl.org/
12 (OpenSSL 0.9.5a is partially supported, but some ciphers (SSH protocol 1
13 Blowfish) do not work correctly.)
15 The remaining items are optional.
17 NB. If you operating system supports /dev/random, you should configure
18 OpenSSL to use it. OpenSSH relies on OpenSSL's direct support of
19 /dev/random, or failing that, either prngd or egd. If you don't have
20 any of these you will have to rely on ssh-rand-helper, which is inferior
21 to a good kernel-based solution or prngd.
25 If your system lacks kernel-based random collection, the use of Lutz
26 Jaenicke's PRNGd is recommended.
28 http://prngd.sourceforge.net/
32 The Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) is supported if you have a system which
33 lacks /dev/random and don't want to use OpenSSH's internal entropy collection.
35 http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/
37 OpenSSH can utilise Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) if your
38 system supports it. PAM is standard most Linux distributions, Solaris,
39 HP-UX 11, AIX >= 5.2, FreeBSD and NetBSD.
41 Information about the various PAM implementations are available:
43 Solaris PAM: http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/pam/
44 Linux PAM: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/
45 OpenPAM: http://www.openpam.org/
47 If you wish to build the GNOME passphrase requester, you will need the GNOME
48 libraries and headers.
53 Alternatively, Jim Knoble <jmknoble@pobox.com> has written an excellent X11
54 passphrase requester. This is maintained separately at:
56 http://www.jmknoble.net/software/x11-ssh-askpass/
60 If you wish to use --with-skey then you will need the library below
61 installed. No other S/Key library is currently known to be supported.
63 http://www.sparc.spb.su/solaris/skey/
67 sftp supports command-line editing via NetBSD's libedit. If your platform
68 has it available natively you can use that, alternatively you might try
69 these multi-platform ports:
71 http://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/
72 http://sourceforge.net/projects/libedit/
76 If you modify configure.ac or configure doesn't exist (eg if you checked
77 the code out of CVS yourself) then you will need autoconf-2.61 to rebuild
78 the automatically generated files by running "autoreconf". Earlier
79 versions may also work but this is not guaranteed.
81 http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/
83 Basic Security Module (BSM):
85 Native BSM support is know to exist in Solaris from at least 2.5.1,
86 FreeBSD 6.1 and OS X. Alternatively, you may use the OpenBSM
87 implementation (http://www.openbsm.org).
90 2. Building / Installation
91 --------------------------
93 To install OpenSSH with default options:
99 This will install the OpenSSH binaries in /usr/local/bin, configuration files
100 in /usr/local/etc, the server in /usr/local/sbin, etc. To specify a different
101 installation prefix, use the --prefix option to configure:
103 ./configure --prefix=/opt
107 Will install OpenSSH in /opt/{bin,etc,lib,sbin}. You can also override
108 specific paths, for example:
110 ./configure --prefix=/opt --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh
114 This will install the binaries in /opt/{bin,lib,sbin}, but will place the
115 configuration files in /etc/ssh.
117 If you are using Privilege Separation (which is enabled by default)
118 then you will also need to create the user, group and directory used by
119 sshd for privilege separation. See README.privsep for details.
121 If you are using PAM, you may need to manually install a PAM control
122 file as "/etc/pam.d/sshd" (or wherever your system prefers to keep
123 them). Note that the service name used to start PAM is __progname,
124 which is the basename of the path of your sshd (e.g., the service name
125 for /usr/sbin/osshd will be osshd). If you have renamed your sshd
126 executable, your PAM configuration may need to be modified.
128 A generic PAM configuration is included as "contrib/sshd.pam.generic",
129 you may need to edit it before using it on your system. If you are
130 using a recent version of Red Hat Linux, the config file in
131 contrib/redhat/sshd.pam should be more useful. Failure to install a
132 valid PAM file may result in an inability to use password
133 authentication. On HP-UX 11 and Solaris, the standard /etc/pam.conf
134 configuration will work with sshd (sshd will match the other service
137 There are a few other options to the configure script:
139 --with-audit=[module] enable additional auditing via the specified module.
140 Currently, drivers for "debug" (additional info via syslog) and "bsm"
141 (Sun's Basic Security Module) are supported.
143 --with-pam enables PAM support. If PAM support is compiled in, it must
144 also be enabled in sshd_config (refer to the UsePAM directive).
146 --with-prngd-socket=/some/file allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD
147 support and to specify a PRNGd socket. Use this if your Unix lacks
148 /dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy
151 --with-prngd-port=portnum allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD support
152 and to specify a EGD localhost TCP port. Use this if your Unix lacks
153 /dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy
156 --with-lastlog=FILE will specify the location of the lastlog file.
157 ./configure searches a few locations for lastlog, but may not find
158 it if lastlog is installed in a different place.
160 --without-lastlog will disable lastlog support entirely.
162 --with-osfsia, --without-osfsia will enable or disable OSF1's Security
163 Integration Architecture. The default for OSF1 machines is enable.
165 --with-skey=PATH will enable S/Key one time password support. You will
166 need the S/Key libraries and header files installed for this to work.
168 --with-tcp-wrappers will enable TCP Wrappers (/etc/hosts.allow|deny)
169 support. You will need libwrap.a and tcpd.h installed.
171 --with-md5-passwords will enable the use of MD5 passwords. Enable this
172 if your operating system uses MD5 passwords and the system crypt() does
173 not support them directly (see the crypt(3/3c) man page). If enabled, the
174 resulting binary will support both MD5 and traditional crypt passwords.
176 --with-utmpx enables utmpx support. utmpx support is automatic for
179 --without-shadow disables shadow password support.
181 --with-ipaddr-display forces the use of a numeric IP address in the
182 $DISPLAY environment variable. Some broken systems need this.
184 --with-default-path=PATH allows you to specify a default $PATH for sessions
185 started by sshd. This replaces the standard path entirely.
187 --with-pid-dir=PATH specifies the directory in which the sshd.pid file is
190 --with-xauth=PATH specifies the location of the xauth binary
192 --with-ssl-dir=DIR allows you to specify where your OpenSSL libraries
195 --with-ssl-engine enables OpenSSL's (hardware) ENGINE support
197 --with-4in6 Check for IPv4 in IPv6 mapped addresses and convert them to
198 real (AF_INET) IPv4 addresses. Works around some quirks on Linux.
201 --with-sectok=DIR allows for OpenSC or sectok smartcard libraries to
202 be used with OpenSSH. See 'README.smartcard' for more details.
204 If you need to pass special options to the compiler or linker, you
205 can specify these as environment variables before running ./configure.
208 CFLAGS="-O -m486" LDFLAGS="-s" LIBS="-lrubbish" LD="/usr/foo/ld" ./configure
213 The runtime configuration files are installed by in ${prefix}/etc or
214 whatever you specified as your --sysconfdir (/usr/local/etc by default).
216 The default configuration should be instantly usable, though you should
217 review it to ensure that it matches your security requirements.
219 To generate a host key, run "make host-key". Alternately you can do so
220 manually using the following commands:
222 ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N ""
223 ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ""
224 ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N ""
226 Replacing /etc/ssh with the correct path to the configuration directory.
227 (${prefix}/etc or whatever you specified with --sysconfdir during
230 If you have configured OpenSSH with EGD support, ensure that EGD is
231 running and has collected some Entropy.
233 For more information on configuration, please refer to the manual pages
234 for sshd, ssh and ssh-agent.
236 4. (Optional) Send survey
237 -------------------------
240 [check the contents of the file "survey" to ensure there's no information
241 that you consider sensitive]
244 This will send configuration information for the currently configured
245 host to a survey address. This will help determine which configurations
246 are actually in use, and what valid combinations of configure options
247 exist. The raw data is available only to the OpenSSH developers, however
248 summary data may be published.
253 If you experience problems compiling, installing or running OpenSSH.
254 Please refer to the "reporting bugs" section of the webpage at
255 http://www.openssh.com/