4 You will need working installations of Zlib and OpenSSL.
7 http://www.gzip.org/zlib/
9 OpenSSL 0.9.6 or greater:
10 http://www.openssl.org/
12 (OpenSSL 0.9.5a is partially supported, but some ciphers (SSH protocol 1
13 Blowfish included) do not work correctly.)
15 RPMs of OpenSSL are available at http://violet.ibs.com.au/openssh/files/support.
16 For Red Hat Linux 6.2, they have been released as errata. RHL7 includes
19 OpenSSH can utilise Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) if your system
20 supports it. PAM is standard on Redhat and Debian Linux, Solaris and
23 NB. If you operating system supports /dev/random, you should configure
24 OpenSSL to use it. OpenSSH relies on OpenSSL's direct support of
25 /dev/random. If you don't you will have to rely on ssh-rand-helper, which
26 is inferior to a good kernel-based solution.
29 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/
31 If you wish to build the GNOME passphrase requester, you will need the GNOME
32 libraries and headers.
37 Alternatively, Jim Knoble <jmknoble@jmknoble.cx> has written an excellent X11
38 passphrase requester. This is maintained separately at:
40 http://www.ntrnet.net/~jmknoble/software/x11-ssh-askpass/index.html
44 If your system lacks Kernel based random collection, the use of Lutz
45 Jaenicke's PRNGd is recommended.
47 http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html
51 The Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) is supported if you have a system which
52 lacks /dev/random and don't want to use OpenSSH's internal entropy collection.
54 http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/
57 http://www.sparc.spb.su/solaris/skey/
59 If you wish to use --with-skey then you will need the above library
60 installed. No other current S/Key library is currently known to be
63 2. Building / Installation
64 --------------------------
66 To install OpenSSH with default options:
72 This will install the OpenSSH binaries in /usr/local/bin, configuration files
73 in /usr/local/etc, the server in /usr/local/sbin, etc. To specify a different
74 installation prefix, use the --prefix option to configure:
76 ./configure --prefix=/opt
80 Will install OpenSSH in /opt/{bin,etc,lib,sbin}. You can also override
81 specific paths, for example:
83 ./configure --prefix=/opt --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh
87 This will install the binaries in /opt/{bin,lib,sbin}, but will place the
88 configuration files in /etc/ssh.
90 If you are using PAM, you may need to manually install a PAM control
91 file as "/etc/pam.d/sshd" (or wherever your system prefers to keep
92 them). Note that the service name used to start PAM is __progname,
93 which is the basename of the path of your sshd (e.g., the service name
94 for /usr/sbin/osshd will be osshd). If you have renamed your sshd
95 executable, your PAM configuration may need to be modified.
97 A generic PAM configuration is included as "contrib/sshd.pam.generic",
98 you may need to edit it before using it on your system. If you are
99 using a recent version of Red Hat Linux, the config file in
100 contrib/redhat/sshd.pam should be more useful. Failure to install a
101 valid PAM file may result in an inability to use password
102 authentication. On HP-UX 11 and Solaris, the standard /etc/pam.conf
103 configuration will work with sshd (sshd will match the other service
106 There are a few other options to the configure script:
108 --with-rsh=PATH allows you to specify the path to your rsh program.
109 Normally ./configure will search the current $PATH for 'rsh'. You
110 may need to specify this option if rsh is not in your path or has a
113 --with-pam enables PAM support.
115 --enable-gnome-askpass will build the GNOME passphrase dialog. You
116 need a working installation of GNOME, including the development
117 headers, for this to work.
119 --with-prngd-socket=/some/file allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD
120 support and to specify a PRNGd socket. Use this if your Unix lacks
121 /dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy
124 --with-prngd-port=portnum allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD support
125 and to specify a EGD localhost TCP port. Use this if your Unix lacks
126 /dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy
129 --with-lastlog=FILE will specify the location of the lastlog file.
130 ./configure searches a few locations for lastlog, but may not find
131 it if lastlog is installed in a different place.
133 --without-lastlog will disable lastlog support entirely.
135 --with-sia, --without-sia will enable or disable OSF1's Security
136 Integration Architecture. The default for OSF1 machines is enable.
138 --with-kerberos4=PATH will enable Kerberos IV support. You will need
139 to have the Kerberos libraries and header files installed for this
140 to work. Use the optional PATH argument to specify the root of your
141 Kerberos installation.
143 --with-afs=PATH will enable AFS support. You will need to have the
144 Kerberos IV and the AFS libraries and header files installed for this
145 to work. Use the optional PATH argument to specify the root of your
146 AFS installation. AFS requires Kerberos support to be enabled.
148 --with-skey=PATH will enable S/Key one time password support. You will
149 need the S/Key libraries and header files installed for this to work.
151 --with-tcp-wrappers will enable TCP Wrappers (/etc/hosts.allow|deny)
152 support. You will need libwrap.a and tcpd.h installed.
154 --with-md5-passwords will enable the use of MD5 passwords. Enable this
155 if your operating system uses MD5 passwords without using PAM.
157 --with-utmpx enables utmpx support. utmpx support is automatic for
160 --without-shadow disables shadow password support.
162 --with-ipaddr-display forces the use of a numeric IP address in the
163 $DISPLAY environment variable. Some broken systems need this.
165 --with-default-path=PATH allows you to specify a default $PATH for sessions
166 started by sshd. This replaces the standard path entirely.
168 --with-pid-dir=PATH specifies the directory in which the ssh.pid file is
171 --with-xauth=PATH specifies the location of the xauth binary
173 --with-ipv4-default instructs OpenSSH to use IPv4 by default for new
174 connections. Normally OpenSSH will try attempt to lookup both IPv6 and
175 IPv4 addresses. On Linux/glibc-2.1.2 this causes long delays in name
176 resolution. If this option is specified, you can still attempt to
177 connect to IPv6 addresses using the command line option '-6'.
179 --with-ssl-dir=DIR allows you to specify where your OpenSSL libraries
182 --with-4in6 Check for IPv4 in IPv6 mapped addresses and convert them to
183 real (AF_INET) IPv4 addresses. Works around some quirks on Linux.
186 --with-sectok=DIR allows for OpenSC or sectok smartcard libraries to
187 be used with OpenSSH. See 'README.smartcard' for more details.
189 If you need to pass special options to the compiler or linker, you
190 can specify these as environment variables before running ./configure.
193 CFLAGS="-O -m486" LDFLAGS="-s" LIBS="-lrubbish" LD="/usr/foo/ld" ./configure
198 The runtime configuration files are installed by in ${prefix}/etc or
199 whatever you specified as your --sysconfdir (/usr/local/etc by default).
201 The default configuration should be instantly usable, though you should
202 review it to ensure that it matches your security requirements.
204 To generate a host key, run "make host-key". Alternately you can do so
205 manually using the following commands:
207 ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N ""
208 ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ""
209 ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N ""
211 Replacing /etc/ssh with the correct path to the configuration directory.
212 (${prefix}/etc or whatever you specified with --sysconfdir during
215 If you have configured OpenSSH with EGD support, ensure that EGD is
216 running and has collected some Entropy.
218 For more information on configuration, please refer to the manual pages
219 for sshd, ssh and ssh-agent.
224 If you experience problems compiling, installing or running OpenSSH.
225 Please refer to the "reporting bugs" section of the webpage at
226 http://www.openssh.com/