1 This package describes important Cygwin specific stuff concerning OpenSSH.
3 The binary package is usually built for recent Cygwin versions and might
4 not run on older versions. Please check http://cygwin.com/ for information
5 about current Cygwin releases.
7 Build instructions are at the end of the file.
9 ===========================================================================
10 Important change since 3.7.1p2-2:
12 The ssh-host-config file doesn't create the /etc/ssh_config and
13 /etc/sshd_config files from builtin here-scripts anymore, but it uses
14 skeleton files installed in /etc/defaults/etc.
16 Also it now tries hard to create appropriate permissions on files.
17 Same applies for ssh-user-config.
19 After creating the sshd service with ssh-host-config, it's advisable to
20 call ssh-user-config for all affected users, also already exising user
21 configurations. In the latter case, file and directory permissions are
22 checked and changed, if requireed to match the host configuration.
24 Important note for Windows 2003 Server users:
25 ---------------------------------------------
27 2003 Server has a funny new feature. When starting services under SYSTEM
28 account, these services have nearly all user rights which SYSTEM holds...
29 except for the "Create a token object" right, which is needed to allow
30 public key authentication :-(
32 There's no way around this, except for creating a substitute account which
33 has the appropriate privileges. Basically, this account should be member
34 of the administrators group, plus it should have the following user rights:
38 Replace a process level token
41 The ssh-host-config script asks you, if it should create such an account,
42 called "sshd_server". If you say "no" here, you're on your own. Please
43 follow the instruction in ssh-host-config exactly if possible. Note that
44 ssh-user-config sets the permissions on 2003 Server machines dependent of
45 whether a sshd_server account exists or not.
46 ===========================================================================
48 ===========================================================================
49 Important change since 3.4p1-2:
51 This version adds privilege separation as default setting, see
52 /usr/doc/openssh/README.privsep. According to that document the
53 privsep feature requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'.
55 The new ssh-host-config file which is part of this version asks
56 to create 'sshd' as local user if you want to use privilege
57 separation. If you confirm, it creates that NT user and adds
58 the necessary entry to /etc/passwd.
60 On 9x/Me systems the script just sets UsePrivilegeSeparation to "no"
61 since that feature doesn't make any sense on a system which doesn't
62 differ between privileged and unprivileged users.
64 The new ssh-host-config script also adds the /var/empty directory
65 needed by privilege separation. When creating the /var/empty directory
66 by yourself, please note that in contrast to the README.privsep document
67 the owner sshould not be "root" but the user which is running sshd. So,
68 in the standard configuration this is SYSTEM. The ssh-host-config script
69 chowns /var/empty accordingly.
70 ===========================================================================
72 ===========================================================================
73 Important change since 3.0.1p1-2:
75 This version introduces the ability to register sshd as service on
76 Windows 9x/Me systems. This is done only when the options -D and/or
78 ===========================================================================
80 ===========================================================================
81 Important change since 2.9p2:
83 Since Cygwin is able to switch user context without password beginning
84 with version 1.3.2, OpenSSH now allows to do so when it's running under
85 a version >= 1.3.2. Keep in mind that `ntsec' has to be activated to
87 ===========================================================================
89 ===========================================================================
90 Important change since 2.3.0p1:
92 When using `ntea' or `ntsec' you now have to care for the ownership
93 and permission bits of your host key files and your private key files.
94 The host key files have to be owned by the NT account which starts
95 sshd. The user key files have to be owned by the user. The permission
96 bits of the private key files (host and user) have to be at least
99 Note that this is forced under `ntsec' only if the files are on a NTFS
100 filesystem (which is recommended) due to the lack of any basic security
101 features of the FAT/FAT32 filesystems.
102 ===========================================================================
104 If you are installing OpenSSH the first time, you can generate global config
105 files and server keys by running
107 /usr/bin/ssh-host-config
109 Note that this binary archive doesn't contain default config files in /etc.
110 That files are only created if ssh-host-config is started.
112 If you are updating your installation you may run the above ssh-host-config
113 as well to move your configuration files to the new location and to
114 erase the files at the old location.
116 To support testing and unattended installation ssh-host-config got
119 usage: ssh-host-config [OPTION]...
121 --debug -d Enable shell's debug output.
122 --yes -y Answer all questions with "yes" automatically.
123 --no -n Answer all questions with "no" automatically.
124 --port -p <n> sshd listens on port n.
126 Additionally ssh-host-config now asks if it should install sshd as a
127 service when running under NT/W2K. This requires cygrunsrv installed.
129 You can create the private and public keys for a user now by running
131 /usr/bin/ssh-user-config
133 under the users account.
135 To support testing and unattended installation ssh-user-config got
136 some options as well:
138 usage: ssh-user-config [OPTION]...
140 --debug -d Enable shell's debug output.
141 --yes -y Answer all questions with "yes" automatically.
142 --no -n Answer all questions with "no" automatically.
143 --passphrase -p word Use "word" as passphrase automatically.
145 Install sshd as daemon via cygrunsrv.exe (recommended on NT/W2K), via inetd
146 (results in very slow deamon startup!) or from the command line (recommended
149 If you start sshd as deamon via cygrunsrv.exe you MUST give the
150 "-D" option to sshd. Otherwise the service can't get started at all.
152 If starting via inetd, copy sshd to eg. /usr/sbin/in.sshd and add the
153 following line to your inetd.conf file:
155 ssh stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/in.sshd sshd -i
157 Moreover you'll have to add the following line to your
158 ${SYSTEMROOT}/system32/drivers/etc/services file:
160 ssh 22/tcp #SSH daemon
162 Please note that OpenSSH does never use the value of $HOME to
163 search for the users configuration files! It always uses the
164 value of the pw_dir field in /etc/passwd as the home directory.
165 If no home diretory is set in /etc/passwd, the root directory
168 You may use all features of the CYGWIN=ntsec setting the same
169 way as they are used by Cygwin's login(1) port:
171 The pw_gecos field may contain an additional field, that begins
172 with (upper case!) "U-", followed by the domain and the username
173 separated by a backslash.
174 CAUTION: The SID _must_ remain the _last_ field in pw_gecos!
175 BTW: The field separator in pw_gecos is the comma.
176 The username in pw_name itself may be any nice name:
178 domuser::1104:513:John Doe,U-domain\user,S-1-5-21-...
180 Now you may use `domuser' as your login name with telnet!
181 This is possible additionally for local users, if you don't like
182 your NT login name ;-) You only have to leave out the domain:
184 locuser::1104:513:John Doe,U-user,S-1-5-21-...
186 Note that the CYGWIN=ntsec setting is required for public key authentication.
188 SSH2 server and user keys are generated by the `ssh-*-config' scripts
191 If you want to build from source, the following options to
192 configure are used for the Cygwin binary distribution:
196 --libexecdir='$(sbindir)' \
197 --localstatedir=/var \
198 --datadir='$(prefix)/share' \
199 --mandir='$(datadir)/man' \
202 If you want to create a Cygwin package, equivalent to the one
203 in the Cygwin binary distribution, install like this:
205 mkdir /tmp/cygwin-ssh
207 make install DESTDIR=/tmp/cygwin-ssh
208 cd $(srcdir)/contrib/cygwin
209 make cygwin-postinstall DESTDIR=/tmp/cygwin-ssh
211 find * \! -type d | tar cvjfT my-openssh.tar.bz2 -
213 You must have installed the zlib and openssl-devel packages to be able to
216 Please send requests, error reports etc. to cygwin@cygwin.com.