]> andersk Git - openssh.git/blobdiff - sshd.c
- markus@cvs.openbsd.org 2003/08/28 12:54:34
[openssh.git] / sshd.c
diff --git a/sshd.c b/sshd.c
index 44782e397edb3ad9cbfdcf3976bd3588b2ec8000..47df9caf1f6c63b3b7e0e064a7ffec41177bdbea 100644 (file)
--- a/sshd.c
+++ b/sshd.c
@@ -2,53 +2,88 @@
  * Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
  * Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
  *                    All rights reserved
- * Created: Fri Mar 17 17:09:28 1995 ylo
- * This program is the ssh daemon.  It listens for connections from clients, and
- * performs authentication, executes use commands or shell, and forwards
+ * This program is the ssh daemon.  It listens for connections from clients,
+ * and performs authentication, executes use commands or shell, and forwards
  * information to/from the application to the user client over an encrypted
- * connection.  This can also handle forwarding of X11, TCP/IP, and authentication
- * agent connections.
+ * connection.  This can also handle forwarding of X11, TCP/IP, and
+ * authentication agent connections.
  *
- * SSH2 implementation,
- * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved.
+ * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
+ * can be used freely for any purpose.  Any derived versions of this
+ * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
+ * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
+ * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
+ *
+ * SSH2 implementation:
+ * Privilege Separation:
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 Niels Provos.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
 
 #include "includes.h"
-RCSID("$OpenBSD: sshd.c,v 1.99 2000/04/07 09:17:39 markus Exp $");
+RCSID("$OpenBSD: sshd.c,v 1.276 2003/08/28 12:54:34 markus Exp $");
+
+#include <openssl/dh.h>
+#include <openssl/bn.h>
+#include <openssl/md5.h>
+#include <openssl/rand.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SECUREWARE
+#include <sys/security.h>
+#include <prot.h>
+#endif
 
+#include "ssh.h"
+#include "ssh1.h"
+#include "ssh2.h"
 #include "xmalloc.h"
 #include "rsa.h"
-#include "ssh.h"
-#include "pty.h"
+#include "sshpty.h"
 #include "packet.h"
-#include "cipher.h"
 #include "mpaux.h"
+#include "log.h"
 #include "servconf.h"
 #include "uidswap.h"
 #include "compat.h"
 #include "buffer.h"
-
-#include "ssh2.h"
-#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
-# include <openssl/dh.h>
-# include <openssl/bn.h>
-# include <openssl/hmac.h>
-# include <openssl/dsa.h>
-# include <openssl/rsa.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_SSL
-# include <ssl/dh.h>
-# include <ssl/bn.h>
-# include <ssl/hmac.h>
-# include <ssl/dsa.h>
-# include <ssl/rsa.h>
-#endif
+#include "cipher.h"
 #include "kex.h"
 #include "key.h"
-#include "dsa.h"
-
-#include "auth.h"
+#include "dh.h"
 #include "myproposal.h"
+#include "authfile.h"
+#include "pathnames.h"
+#include "atomicio.h"
+#include "canohost.h"
+#include "auth.h"
+#include "misc.h"
+#include "dispatch.h"
+#include "channels.h"
+#include "session.h"
+#include "monitor_mm.h"
+#include "monitor.h"
+#include "monitor_wrap.h"
+#include "monitor_fdpass.h"
 
 #ifdef LIBWRAP
 #include <tcpd.h>
@@ -61,24 +96,23 @@ int deny_severity = LOG_WARNING;
 #define O_NOCTTY       0
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE___PROGNAME
+extern char *__progname;
+#else
+char *__progname;
+#endif
+
 /* Server configuration options. */
 ServerOptions options;
 
 /* Name of the server configuration file. */
-char *config_file_name = SERVER_CONFIG_FILE;
+char *config_file_name = _PATH_SERVER_CONFIG_FILE;
 
-/* 
+/*
  * Flag indicating whether IPv4 or IPv6.  This can be set on the command line.
  * Default value is AF_UNSPEC means both IPv4 and IPv6.
  */
-#ifdef IPV4_DEFAULT
-int IPv4or6 = AF_INET;
-#else
 int IPv4or6 = AF_UNSPEC;
-#endif
-
-/* Flag indicating whether SSH2 is enabled */
-int allow_ssh2 = 0;
 
 /*
  * Debug mode flag.  This can be set on the command line.  If debug
@@ -88,17 +122,21 @@ int allow_ssh2 = 0;
  */
 int debug_flag = 0;
 
+/* Flag indicating that the daemon should only test the configuration and keys. */
+int test_flag = 0;
+
 /* Flag indicating that the daemon is being started from inetd. */
 int inetd_flag = 0;
 
+/* Flag indicating that sshd should not detach and become a daemon. */
+int no_daemon_flag = 0;
+
 /* debug goes to stderr unless inetd_flag is set */
 int log_stderr = 0;
 
-/* argv[0] without path. */
-char *av0;
-
 /* Saved arguments to main(). */
 char **saved_argv;
+int saved_argc;
 
 /*
  * The sockets that the server is listening; this is used in the SIGHUP
@@ -115,6 +153,9 @@ int num_listen_socks = 0;
 char *client_version_string = NULL;
 char *server_version_string = NULL;
 
+/* for rekeying XXX fixme */
+Kex *xxx_kex;
+
 /*
  * Any really sensitive data in the application is contained in this
  * structure. The idea is that this structure could be locked into memory so
@@ -124,92 +165,129 @@ char *server_version_string = NULL;
  * not very useful.  Currently, memory locking is not implemented.
  */
 struct {
-       RSA *private_key;        /* Private part of server key. */
-       RSA *host_key;           /* Private part of host key. */
+       Key     *server_key;            /* ephemeral server key */
+       Key     *ssh1_host_key;         /* ssh1 host key */
+       Key     **host_keys;            /* all private host keys */
+       int     have_ssh1_key;
+       int     have_ssh2_key;
+       u_char  ssh1_cookie[SSH_SESSION_KEY_LENGTH];
 } sensitive_data;
 
 /*
- * Flag indicating whether the current session key has been used.  This flag
- * is set whenever the key is used, and cleared when the key is regenerated.
+ * Flag indicating whether the RSA server key needs to be regenerated.
+ * Is set in the SIGALRM handler and cleared when the key is regenerated.
  */
-int key_used = 0;
+static volatile sig_atomic_t key_do_regen = 0;
 
-/* This is set to true when SIGHUP is received. */
-int received_sighup = 0;
-
-/* Public side of the server key.  This value is regenerated regularly with
-   the private key. */
-RSA *public_key;
+/* This is set to true when a signal is received. */
+static volatile sig_atomic_t received_sighup = 0;
+static volatile sig_atomic_t received_sigterm = 0;
 
 /* session identifier, used by RSA-auth */
-unsigned char session_id[16];
+u_char session_id[16];
+
+/* same for ssh2 */
+u_char *session_id2 = NULL;
+u_int session_id2_len = 0;
+
+/* record remote hostname or ip */
+u_int utmp_len = MAXHOSTNAMELEN;
+
+/* options.max_startup sized array of fd ints */
+int *startup_pipes = NULL;
+int startup_pipe;              /* in child */
+
+/* variables used for privilege separation */
+int use_privsep;
+struct monitor *pmonitor;
+
+/* message to be displayed after login */
+Buffer loginmsg;
 
 /* Prototypes for various functions defined later in this file. */
-void do_ssh1_kex();
-void do_ssh2_kex();
+void destroy_sensitive_data(void);
+void demote_sensitive_data(void);
+
+static void do_ssh1_kex(void);
+static void do_ssh2_kex(void);
 
 /*
  * Close all listening sockets
  */
-void
+static void
 close_listen_socks(void)
 {
        int i;
+
        for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++)
                close(listen_socks[i]);
        num_listen_socks = -1;
 }
 
+static void
+close_startup_pipes(void)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       if (startup_pipes)
+               for (i = 0; i < options.max_startups; i++)
+                       if (startup_pipes[i] != -1)
+                               close(startup_pipes[i]);
+}
+
 /*
  * Signal handler for SIGHUP.  Sshd execs itself when it receives SIGHUP;
  * the effect is to reread the configuration file (and to regenerate
  * the server key).
  */
-void 
+static void
 sighup_handler(int sig)
 {
+       int save_errno = errno;
+
        received_sighup = 1;
        signal(SIGHUP, sighup_handler);
+       errno = save_errno;
 }
 
 /*
  * Called from the main program after receiving SIGHUP.
  * Restarts the server.
  */
-void 
-sighup_restart()
+static void
+sighup_restart(void)
 {
-       log("Received SIGHUP; restarting.");
+       logit("Received SIGHUP; restarting.");
        close_listen_socks();
+       close_startup_pipes();
        execv(saved_argv[0], saved_argv);
-       log("RESTART FAILED: av0='%s', error: %s.", av0, strerror(errno));
+       logit("RESTART FAILED: av[0]='%.100s', error: %.100s.", saved_argv[0],
+           strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
 }
 
 /*
  * Generic signal handler for terminating signals in the master daemon.
- * These close the listen socket; not closing it seems to cause "Address
- * already in use" problems on some machines, which is inconvenient.
  */
-void 
+static void
 sigterm_handler(int sig)
 {
-       log("Received signal %d; terminating.", sig);
-       close_listen_socks();
-       exit(255);
+       received_sigterm = sig;
 }
 
 /*
  * SIGCHLD handler.  This is called whenever a child dies.  This will then
- * reap any zombies left by exited c.
+ * reap any zombies left by exited children.
  */
-void 
+static void
 main_sigchld_handler(int sig)
 {
        int save_errno = errno;
+       pid_t pid;
        int status;
 
-       while (waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG) > 0)
+       while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0 ||
+           (pid < 0 && errno == EINTR))
                ;
 
        signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
@@ -219,14 +297,13 @@ main_sigchld_handler(int sig)
 /*
  * Signal handler for the alarm after the login grace period has expired.
  */
-void 
+static void
 grace_alarm_handler(int sig)
 {
-       /* Close the connection. */
-       packet_close();
+       /* XXX no idea how fix this signal handler */
 
        /* Log error and exit. */
-       fatal("Timeout before authentication for %s.", get_remote_ipaddr());
+       fatal("Timeout before authentication for %s", get_remote_ipaddr());
 }
 
 /*
@@ -236,95 +313,94 @@ grace_alarm_handler(int sig)
  * Thus there should be no concurrency control/asynchronous execution
  * problems.
  */
-void 
-key_regeneration_alarm(int sig)
+static void
+generate_ephemeral_server_key(void)
 {
-       int save_errno = errno;
-
-       /* Check if we should generate a new key. */
-       if (key_used) {
-               /* This should really be done in the background. */
-               log("Generating new %d bit RSA key.", options.server_key_bits);
-
-               if (sensitive_data.private_key != NULL)
-                       RSA_free(sensitive_data.private_key);
-               sensitive_data.private_key = RSA_new();
+       u_int32_t rnd = 0;
+       int i;
 
-               if (public_key != NULL)
-                       RSA_free(public_key);
-               public_key = RSA_new();
+       verbose("Generating %s%d bit RSA key.",
+           sensitive_data.server_key ? "new " : "", options.server_key_bits);
+       if (sensitive_data.server_key != NULL)
+               key_free(sensitive_data.server_key);
+       sensitive_data.server_key = key_generate(KEY_RSA1,
+           options.server_key_bits);
+       verbose("RSA key generation complete.");
 
-               rsa_generate_key(sensitive_data.private_key, public_key,
-                                options.server_key_bits);
-               arc4random_stir();
-               key_used = 0;
-               log("RSA key generation complete.");
+       for (i = 0; i < SSH_SESSION_KEY_LENGTH; i++) {
+               if (i % 4 == 0)
+                       rnd = arc4random();
+               sensitive_data.ssh1_cookie[i] = rnd & 0xff;
+               rnd >>= 8;
        }
-       /* Reschedule the alarm. */
-       signal(SIGALRM, key_regeneration_alarm);
-       alarm(options.key_regeneration_time);
-       errno = save_errno;
+       arc4random_stir();
 }
 
-char *
-chop(char *s)
+static void
+key_regeneration_alarm(int sig)
 {
-        char *t = s;
-        while (*t) {
-                if(*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
-                        *t = '\0';
-                        return s;
-                }
-                t++;
-        }
-        return s;
+       int save_errno = errno;
 
+       signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
+       errno = save_errno;
+       key_do_regen = 1;
 }
 
-void
+static void
 sshd_exchange_identification(int sock_in, int sock_out)
 {
-       int i;
+       int i, mismatch;
        int remote_major, remote_minor;
+       int major, minor;
        char *s;
        char buf[256];                  /* Must not be larger than remote_version. */
        char remote_version[256];       /* Must be at least as big as buf. */
 
-       snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "SSH-%d.%d-%.100s\n",
-                allow_ssh2 ? 1  : PROTOCOL_MAJOR,
-                allow_ssh2 ? 99 : PROTOCOL_MINOR,
-                SSH_VERSION);
+       if ((options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1) &&
+           (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_2)) {
+               major = PROTOCOL_MAJOR_1;
+               minor = 99;
+       } else if (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_2) {
+               major = PROTOCOL_MAJOR_2;
+               minor = PROTOCOL_MINOR_2;
+       } else {
+               major = PROTOCOL_MAJOR_1;
+               minor = PROTOCOL_MINOR_1;
+       }
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "SSH-%d.%d-%.100s\n", major, minor, SSH_VERSION);
        server_version_string = xstrdup(buf);
 
-       if (client_version_string == NULL) {
-               /* Send our protocol version identification. */
-               if (atomicio(write, sock_out, server_version_string, strlen(server_version_string))
-                   != strlen(server_version_string)) {
-                       log("Could not write ident string to %s.", get_remote_ipaddr());
+       /* Send our protocol version identification. */
+       if (atomicio(vwrite, sock_out, server_version_string,
+           strlen(server_version_string))
+           != strlen(server_version_string)) {
+               logit("Could not write ident string to %s", get_remote_ipaddr());
+               fatal_cleanup();
+       }
+
+       /* Read other sides version identification. */
+       memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+       for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf) - 1; i++) {
+               if (atomicio(read, sock_in, &buf[i], 1) != 1) {
+                       logit("Did not receive identification string from %s",
+                           get_remote_ipaddr());
                        fatal_cleanup();
                }
-
-               /* Read other side\'s version identification. */
-               for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf) - 1; i++) {
-                       if (read(sock_in, &buf[i], 1) != 1) {
-                               log("Did not receive ident string from %s.", get_remote_ipaddr());
-                               fatal_cleanup();
-                       }
-                       if (buf[i] == '\r') {
-                               buf[i] = '\n';
-                               buf[i + 1] = 0;
-                               continue;
-                               //break;
-                       }
-                       if (buf[i] == '\n') {
-                               /* buf[i] == '\n' */
-                               buf[i + 1] = 0;
+               if (buf[i] == '\r') {
+                       buf[i] = 0;
+                       /* Kludge for F-Secure Macintosh < 1.0.2 */
+                       if (i == 12 &&
+                           strncmp(buf, "SSH-1.5-W1.0", 12) == 0)
                                break;
-                       }
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (buf[i] == '\n') {
+                       buf[i] = 0;
+                       break;
                }
-               buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;
-               client_version_string = xstrdup(buf);
        }
+       buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;
+       client_version_string = xstrdup(buf);
 
        /*
         * Check that the versions match.  In future this might accept
@@ -332,49 +408,387 @@ sshd_exchange_identification(int sock_in, int sock_out)
         */
        if (sscanf(client_version_string, "SSH-%d.%d-%[^\n]\n",
            &remote_major, &remote_minor, remote_version) != 3) {
-               s = "Protocol mismatch.\n";
-               (void) atomicio(write, sock_out, s, strlen(s));
+               s = "Protocol mismatch.\n";
+               (void) atomicio(vwrite, sock_out, s, strlen(s));
                close(sock_in);
                close(sock_out);
-               log("Bad protocol version identification '%.100s' from %s",
+               logit("Bad protocol version identification '%.100s' from %s",
                    client_version_string, get_remote_ipaddr());
                fatal_cleanup();
        }
        debug("Client protocol version %d.%d; client software version %.100s",
-             remote_major, remote_minor, remote_version);
+           remote_major, remote_minor, remote_version);
 
        compat_datafellows(remote_version);
 
-       switch(remote_major) {
+       if (datafellows & SSH_BUG_PROBE) {
+               logit("probed from %s with %s.  Don't panic.",
+                   get_remote_ipaddr(), client_version_string);
+               fatal_cleanup();
+       }
+
+       if (datafellows & SSH_BUG_SCANNER) {
+               logit("scanned from %s with %s.  Don't panic.",
+                   get_remote_ipaddr(), client_version_string);
+               fatal_cleanup();
+       }
+
+       mismatch = 0;
+       switch (remote_major) {
        case 1:
+               if (remote_minor == 99) {
+                       if (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_2)
+                               enable_compat20();
+                       else
+                               mismatch = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (!(options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1)) {
+                       mismatch = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
                if (remote_minor < 3) {
-                       packet_disconnect("Your ssh version is too old and"
+                       packet_disconnect("Your ssh version is too old and "
                            "is no longer supported.  Please install a newer version.");
                } else if (remote_minor == 3) {
                        /* note that this disables agent-forwarding */
                        enable_compat13();
                }
-               if (remote_minor != 99)
-                      break;
-               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               break;
        case 2:
-               if (allow_ssh2) {
+               if (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_2) {
                        enable_compat20();
                        break;
                }
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
-       default: 
+       default:
+               mismatch = 1;
+               break;
+       }
+       chop(server_version_string);
+       debug("Local version string %.200s", server_version_string);
+
+       if (mismatch) {
                s = "Protocol major versions differ.\n";
-               (void) atomicio(write, sock_out, s, strlen(s));
+               (void) atomicio(vwrite, sock_out, s, strlen(s));
                close(sock_in);
                close(sock_out);
-               log("Protocol major versions differ for %s: %d vs. %d",
-                   get_remote_ipaddr(), PROTOCOL_MAJOR, remote_major);
+               logit("Protocol major versions differ for %s: %.200s vs. %.200s",
+                   get_remote_ipaddr(),
+                   server_version_string, client_version_string);
                fatal_cleanup();
-               break;
        }
-       chop(server_version_string);
-       chop(client_version_string);
+}
+
+/* Destroy the host and server keys.  They will no longer be needed. */
+void
+destroy_sensitive_data(void)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       if (sensitive_data.server_key) {
+               key_free(sensitive_data.server_key);
+               sensitive_data.server_key = NULL;
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
+               if (sensitive_data.host_keys[i]) {
+                       key_free(sensitive_data.host_keys[i]);
+                       sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+       sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key = NULL;
+       memset(sensitive_data.ssh1_cookie, 0, SSH_SESSION_KEY_LENGTH);
+}
+
+/* Demote private to public keys for network child */
+void
+demote_sensitive_data(void)
+{
+       Key *tmp;
+       int i;
+
+       if (sensitive_data.server_key) {
+               tmp = key_demote(sensitive_data.server_key);
+               key_free(sensitive_data.server_key);
+               sensitive_data.server_key = tmp;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
+               if (sensitive_data.host_keys[i]) {
+                       tmp = key_demote(sensitive_data.host_keys[i]);
+                       key_free(sensitive_data.host_keys[i]);
+                       sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = tmp;
+                       if (tmp->type == KEY_RSA1)
+                               sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key = tmp;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* We do not clear ssh1_host key and cookie.  XXX - Okay Niels? */
+}
+
+static void
+privsep_preauth_child(void)
+{
+       u_int32_t rnd[256];
+       gid_t gidset[1];
+       struct passwd *pw;
+       int i;
+
+       /* Enable challenge-response authentication for privilege separation */
+       privsep_challenge_enable();
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+               rnd[i] = arc4random();
+       RAND_seed(rnd, sizeof(rnd));
+
+       /* Demote the private keys to public keys. */
+       demote_sensitive_data();
+
+       if ((pw = getpwnam(SSH_PRIVSEP_USER)) == NULL)
+               fatal("Privilege separation user %s does not exist",
+                   SSH_PRIVSEP_USER);
+       memset(pw->pw_passwd, 0, strlen(pw->pw_passwd));
+       endpwent();
+
+       /* Change our root directory */
+       if (chroot(_PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR) == -1)
+               fatal("chroot(\"%s\"): %s", _PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR,
+                   strerror(errno));
+       if (chdir("/") == -1)
+               fatal("chdir(\"/\"): %s", strerror(errno));
+
+       /* Drop our privileges */
+       debug3("privsep user:group %u:%u", (u_int)pw->pw_uid,
+           (u_int)pw->pw_gid);
+#if 0
+       /* XXX not ready, to heavy after chroot */
+       do_setusercontext(pw);
+#else
+       gidset[0] = pw->pw_gid;
+       if (setgroups(1, gidset) < 0)
+               fatal("setgroups: %.100s", strerror(errno));
+       permanently_set_uid(pw);
+#endif
+}
+
+static Authctxt *
+privsep_preauth(void)
+{
+       Authctxt *authctxt = NULL;
+       int status;
+       pid_t pid;
+
+       /* Set up unprivileged child process to deal with network data */
+       pmonitor = monitor_init();
+       /* Store a pointer to the kex for later rekeying */
+       pmonitor->m_pkex = &xxx_kex;
+
+       pid = fork();
+       if (pid == -1) {
+               fatal("fork of unprivileged child failed");
+       } else if (pid != 0) {
+               fatal_remove_cleanup((void (*) (void *)) packet_close, NULL);
+
+               debug2("Network child is on pid %ld", (long)pid);
+
+               close(pmonitor->m_recvfd);
+               authctxt = monitor_child_preauth(pmonitor);
+               close(pmonitor->m_sendfd);
+
+               /* Sync memory */
+               monitor_sync(pmonitor);
+
+               /* Wait for the child's exit status */
+               while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
+                       if (errno != EINTR)
+                               break;
+
+               /* Reinstall, since the child has finished */
+               fatal_add_cleanup((void (*) (void *)) packet_close, NULL);
+
+               return (authctxt);
+       } else {
+               /* child */
+
+               close(pmonitor->m_sendfd);
+
+               /* Demote the child */
+               if (getuid() == 0 || geteuid() == 0)
+                       privsep_preauth_child();
+               setproctitle("%s", "[net]");
+       }
+       return (NULL);
+}
+
+static void
+privsep_postauth(Authctxt *authctxt)
+{
+       extern Authctxt *x_authctxt;
+
+       /* XXX - Remote port forwarding */
+       x_authctxt = authctxt;
+
+#ifdef DISABLE_FD_PASSING
+       if (1) {
+#else
+       if (authctxt->pw->pw_uid == 0 || options.use_login) {
+#endif
+               /* File descriptor passing is broken or root login */
+               monitor_apply_keystate(pmonitor);
+               use_privsep = 0;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* Authentication complete */
+       alarm(0);
+       if (startup_pipe != -1) {
+               close(startup_pipe);
+               startup_pipe = -1;
+       }
+
+       /* New socket pair */
+       monitor_reinit(pmonitor);
+
+       pmonitor->m_pid = fork();
+       if (pmonitor->m_pid == -1)
+               fatal("fork of unprivileged child failed");
+       else if (pmonitor->m_pid != 0) {
+               fatal_remove_cleanup((void (*) (void *)) packet_close, NULL);
+
+               debug2("User child is on pid %ld", (long)pmonitor->m_pid);
+               close(pmonitor->m_recvfd);
+               monitor_child_postauth(pmonitor);
+
+               /* NEVERREACHED */
+               exit(0);
+       }
+
+       close(pmonitor->m_sendfd);
+
+       /* Demote the private keys to public keys. */
+       demote_sensitive_data();
+
+       /* Drop privileges */
+       do_setusercontext(authctxt->pw);
+
+       /* It is safe now to apply the key state */
+       monitor_apply_keystate(pmonitor);
+}
+
+static char *
+list_hostkey_types(void)
+{
+       Buffer b;
+       char *p;
+       int i;
+
+       buffer_init(&b);
+       for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
+               Key *key = sensitive_data.host_keys[i];
+               if (key == NULL)
+                       continue;
+               switch (key->type) {
+               case KEY_RSA:
+               case KEY_DSA:
+                       if (buffer_len(&b) > 0)
+                               buffer_append(&b, ",", 1);
+                       p = key_ssh_name(key);
+                       buffer_append(&b, p, strlen(p));
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       buffer_append(&b, "\0", 1);
+       p = xstrdup(buffer_ptr(&b));
+       buffer_free(&b);
+       debug("list_hostkey_types: %s", p);
+       return p;
+}
+
+Key *
+get_hostkey_by_type(int type)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
+               Key *key = sensitive_data.host_keys[i];
+               if (key != NULL && key->type == type)
+                       return key;
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+Key *
+get_hostkey_by_index(int ind)
+{
+       if (ind < 0 || ind >= options.num_host_key_files)
+               return (NULL);
+       return (sensitive_data.host_keys[ind]);
+}
+
+int
+get_hostkey_index(Key *key)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
+               if (key == sensitive_data.host_keys[i])
+                       return (i);
+       }
+       return (-1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns 1 if connection should be dropped, 0 otherwise.
+ * dropping starts at connection #max_startups_begin with a probability
+ * of (max_startups_rate/100). the probability increases linearly until
+ * all connections are dropped for startups > max_startups
+ */
+static int
+drop_connection(int startups)
+{
+       double p, r;
+
+       if (startups < options.max_startups_begin)
+               return 0;
+       if (startups >= options.max_startups)
+               return 1;
+       if (options.max_startups_rate == 100)
+               return 1;
+
+       p  = 100 - options.max_startups_rate;
+       p *= startups - options.max_startups_begin;
+       p /= (double) (options.max_startups - options.max_startups_begin);
+       p += options.max_startups_rate;
+       p /= 100.0;
+       r = arc4random() / (double) UINT_MAX;
+
+       debug("drop_connection: p %g, r %g", p, r);
+       return (r < p) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static void
+usage(void)
+{
+       fprintf(stderr, "sshd version %s\n", SSH_VERSION);
+       fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
+       fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -f file    Configuration file (default %s)\n", _PATH_SERVER_CONFIG_FILE);
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -d         Debugging mode (multiple -d means more debugging)\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -i         Started from inetd\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -D         Do not fork into daemon mode\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -t         Only test configuration file and keys\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -q         Quiet (no logging)\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -p port    Listen on the specified port (default: 22)\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -k seconds Regenerate server key every this many seconds (default: 3600)\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -g seconds Grace period for authentication (default: 600)\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits    Size of server RSA key (default: 768 bits)\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -h file    File from which to read host key (default: %s)\n",
+           _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE);
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -u len     Maximum hostname length for utmp recording\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -4         Use IPv4 only\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -6         Use IPv6 only\n");
+       fprintf(stderr, "  -o option  Process the option as if it was read from a configuration file.\n");
+       exit(1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -385,36 +799,48 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
 {
        extern char *optarg;
        extern int optind;
-       int opt, sock_in = 0, sock_out = 0, newsock, i, fdsetsz, pid, on = 1;
+       int opt, sock_in = 0, sock_out = 0, newsock, j, i, fdsetsz, on = 1;
+       pid_t pid;
        socklen_t fromlen;
-       int silentrsa = 0;
        fd_set *fdset;
        struct sockaddr_storage from;
        const char *remote_ip;
        int remote_port;
-       char *comment;
        FILE *f;
-       struct linger linger;
        struct addrinfo *ai;
        char ntop[NI_MAXHOST], strport[NI_MAXSERV];
        int listen_sock, maxfd;
-
-       /* Save argv[0]. */
-       saved_argv = av;
-       if (strchr(av[0], '/'))
-               av0 = strrchr(av[0], '/') + 1;
-       else
-               av0 = av[0];
+       int startup_p[2];
+       int startups = 0;
+       Authctxt *authctxt;
+       Key *key;
+       int ret, key_used = 0;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SECUREWARE
+       (void)set_auth_parameters(ac, av);
+#endif
+       __progname = ssh_get_progname(av[0]);
+       init_rng();
+
+       /* Save argv. Duplicate so setproctitle emulation doesn't clobber it */
+       saved_argc = ac;
+       saved_argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*saved_argv) * (ac + 1));
+       for (i = 0; i < ac; i++)
+               saved_argv[i] = xstrdup(av[i]);
+       saved_argv[i] = NULL;
+
+#ifndef HAVE_SETPROCTITLE
+       /* Prepare for later setproctitle emulation */
+       compat_init_setproctitle(ac, av);
+       av = saved_argv;
+#endif
 
        /* Initialize configuration options to their default values. */
        initialize_server_options(&options);
 
        /* Parse command-line arguments. */
-       while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "f:p:b:k:h:g:V:diqQ246")) != EOF) {
+       while ((opt = getopt(ac, av, "f:p:b:k:h:g:u:o:dDeiqtQ46")) != -1) {
                switch (opt) {
-               case '2':
-                       allow_ssh2 = 1;
-                       break;
                case '4':
                        IPv4or6 = AF_INET;
                        break;
@@ -425,14 +851,23 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
                        config_file_name = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'd':
-                       debug_flag = 1;
-                       options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG;
+                       if (debug_flag == 0) {
+                               debug_flag = 1;
+                               options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
+                       } else if (options.log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
+                               options.log_level++;
+                       break;
+               case 'D':
+                       no_daemon_flag = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'e':
+                       log_stderr = 1;
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        inetd_flag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'Q':
-                       silentrsa = 1;
+                       /* ignored */
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        options.log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_QUIET;
@@ -442,73 +877,85 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        options.ports_from_cmdline = 1;
-                       if (options.num_ports >= MAX_PORTS)
-                               fatal("too many ports.\n");
-                       options.ports[options.num_ports++] = atoi(optarg);
+                       if (options.num_ports >= MAX_PORTS) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "too many ports.\n");
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
+                       options.ports[options.num_ports++] = a2port(optarg);
+                       if (options.ports[options.num_ports-1] == 0) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "Bad port number.\n");
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
                        break;
                case 'g':
-                       options.login_grace_time = atoi(optarg);
+                       if ((options.login_grace_time = convtime(optarg)) == -1) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "Invalid login grace time.\n");
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
                        break;
                case 'k':
-                       options.key_regeneration_time = atoi(optarg);
+                       if ((options.key_regeneration_time = convtime(optarg)) == -1) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "Invalid key regeneration interval.\n");
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
                        break;
                case 'h':
-                       options.host_key_file = optarg;
+                       if (options.num_host_key_files >= MAX_HOSTKEYS) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "too many host keys.\n");
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
+                       options.host_key_files[options.num_host_key_files++] = optarg;
                        break;
-               case 'V':
-                       client_version_string = optarg;
-                       /* only makes sense with inetd_flag, i.e. no listen() */
-                       inetd_flag = 1;
+               case 't':
+                       test_flag = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'u':
+                       utmp_len = atoi(optarg);
+                       if (utmp_len > MAXHOSTNAMELEN) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "Invalid utmp length.\n");
+                               exit(1);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case 'o':
+                       if (process_server_config_line(&options, optarg,
+                           "command-line", 0) != 0)
+                               exit(1);
                        break;
                case '?':
                default:
-                       fprintf(stderr, "sshd version %s\n", SSH_VERSION);
-                       fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n", av0);
-                       fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -f file    Configuration file (default %s)\n", SERVER_CONFIG_FILE);
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -d         Debugging mode\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -i         Started from inetd\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -q         Quiet (no logging)\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -p port    Listen on the specified port (default: 22)\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -k seconds Regenerate server key every this many seconds (default: 3600)\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -g seconds Grace period for authentication (default: 300)\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -b bits    Size of server RSA key (default: 768 bits)\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -h file    File from which to read host key (default: %s)\n",
-                           HOST_KEY_FILE);
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -4         Use IPv4 only\n");
-                       fprintf(stderr, "  -6         Use IPv6 only\n");
-                       exit(1);
+                       usage();
+                       break;
                }
        }
+       SSLeay_add_all_algorithms();
+       channel_set_af(IPv4or6);
 
        /*
         * Force logging to stderr until we have loaded the private host
         * key (unless started from inetd)
         */
-       log_init(av0,
-           options.log_level == -1 ? SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
-           options.log_facility == -1 ? SYSLOG_FACILITY_AUTH : options.log_facility,
-           !inetd_flag);
-
-       /* check if RSA support exists */
-       if (rsa_alive() == 0) {
-               if (silentrsa == 0)
-                       printf("sshd: no RSA support in libssl and libcrypto -- exiting.  See ssl(8)\n");
-               log("no RSA support in libssl and libcrypto -- exiting.  See ssl(8)");
-               exit(1);
-       }
+       log_init(__progname,
+           options.log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_NOT_SET ?
+           SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO : options.log_level,
+           options.log_facility == SYSLOG_FACILITY_NOT_SET ?
+           SYSLOG_FACILITY_AUTH : options.log_facility,
+           log_stderr || !inetd_flag);
+
+#ifdef _UNICOS
+       /* Cray can define user privs drop all prives now!
+        * Not needed on PRIV_SU systems!
+        */
+       drop_cray_privs();
+#endif
+
+       seed_rng();
+
        /* Read server configuration options from the configuration file. */
        read_server_config(&options, config_file_name);
 
        /* Fill in default values for those options not explicitly set. */
        fill_default_server_options(&options);
 
-       /* Check certain values for sanity. */
-       if (options.server_key_bits < 512 ||
-           options.server_key_bits > 32768) {
-               fprintf(stderr, "Bad server key size.\n");
-               exit(1);
-       }
        /* Check that there are no remaining arguments. */
        if (optind < ac) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Extra argument %s.\n", av[optind]);
@@ -517,27 +964,124 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
 
        debug("sshd version %.100s", SSH_VERSION);
 
-       sensitive_data.host_key = RSA_new();
-       errno = 0;
-       /* Load the host key.  It must have empty passphrase. */
-       if (!load_private_key(options.host_key_file, "",
-                             sensitive_data.host_key, &comment)) {
-               error("Could not load host key: %.200s: %.100s",
-                     options.host_key_file, strerror(errno));
+       /* load private host keys */
+       sensitive_data.host_keys = xmalloc(options.num_host_key_files *
+           sizeof(Key *));
+       for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++)
+               sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = NULL;
+       sensitive_data.server_key = NULL;
+       sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key = NULL;
+       sensitive_data.have_ssh1_key = 0;
+       sensitive_data.have_ssh2_key = 0;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < options.num_host_key_files; i++) {
+               key = key_load_private(options.host_key_files[i], "", NULL);
+               sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = key;
+               if (key == NULL) {
+                       error("Could not load host key: %s",
+                           options.host_key_files[i]);
+                       sensitive_data.host_keys[i] = NULL;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               switch (key->type) {
+               case KEY_RSA1:
+                       sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key = key;
+                       sensitive_data.have_ssh1_key = 1;
+                       break;
+               case KEY_RSA:
+               case KEY_DSA:
+                       sensitive_data.have_ssh2_key = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
+               debug("private host key: #%d type %d %s", i, key->type,
+                   key_type(key));
+       }
+       if ((options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1) && !sensitive_data.have_ssh1_key) {
+               logit("Disabling protocol version 1. Could not load host key");
+               options.protocol &= ~SSH_PROTO_1;
+       }
+       if ((options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_2) && !sensitive_data.have_ssh2_key) {
+               logit("Disabling protocol version 2. Could not load host key");
+               options.protocol &= ~SSH_PROTO_2;
+       }
+       if (!(options.protocol & (SSH_PROTO_1|SSH_PROTO_2))) {
+               logit("sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting.");
                exit(1);
        }
-       xfree(comment);
 
-       /* Initialize the log (it is reinitialized below in case we
-          forked). */
+       /* Check certain values for sanity. */
+       if (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1) {
+               if (options.server_key_bits < 512 ||
+                   options.server_key_bits > 32768) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "Bad server key size.\n");
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+               /*
+                * Check that server and host key lengths differ sufficiently. This
+                * is necessary to make double encryption work with rsaref. Oh, I
+                * hate software patents. I dont know if this can go? Niels
+                */
+               if (options.server_key_bits >
+                   BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n) -
+                   SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED && options.server_key_bits <
+                   BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n) +
+                   SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED) {
+                       options.server_key_bits =
+                           BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n) +
+                           SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED;
+                       debug("Forcing server key to %d bits to make it differ from host key.",
+                           options.server_key_bits);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (use_privsep) {
+               struct passwd *pw;
+               struct stat st;
+
+               if ((pw = getpwnam(SSH_PRIVSEP_USER)) == NULL)
+                       fatal("Privilege separation user %s does not exist",
+                           SSH_PRIVSEP_USER);
+               if ((stat(_PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR, &st) == -1) ||
+                   (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) == 0))
+                       fatal("Missing privilege separation directory: %s",
+                           _PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CYGWIN
+               if (check_ntsec(_PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR) &&
+                   (st.st_uid != getuid () ||
+                   (st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH)) != 0))
+#else
+               if (st.st_uid != 0 || (st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH)) != 0)
+#endif
+                       fatal("%s must be owned by root and not group or "
+                           "world-writable.", _PATH_PRIVSEP_CHROOT_DIR);
+       }
+
+       /* Configuration looks good, so exit if in test mode. */
+       if (test_flag)
+               exit(0);
+
+       /*
+        * Clear out any supplemental groups we may have inherited.  This
+        * prevents inadvertent creation of files with bad modes (in the
+        * portable version at least, it's certainly possible for PAM 
+        * to create a file, and we can't control the code in every 
+        * module which might be used).
+        */
+       if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
+               debug("setgroups() failed: %.200s", strerror(errno));
+
+       /* Initialize the log (it is reinitialized below in case we forked). */
        if (debug_flag && !inetd_flag)
                log_stderr = 1;
-       log_init(av0, options.log_level, options.log_facility, log_stderr);
+       log_init(__progname, options.log_level, options.log_facility, log_stderr);
 
-       /* If not in debugging mode, and not started from inetd,
-          disconnect from the controlling terminal, and fork.  The
-          original process exits. */
-       if (!debug_flag && !inetd_flag) {
+       /*
+        * If not in debugging mode, and not started from inetd, disconnect
+        * from the controlling terminal, and fork.  The original process
+        * exits.
+        */
+       if (!(debug_flag || inetd_flag || no_daemon_flag)) {
 #ifdef TIOCNOTTY
                int fd;
 #endif /* TIOCNOTTY */
@@ -546,7 +1090,7 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
 
                /* Disconnect from the controlling tty. */
 #ifdef TIOCNOTTY
-               fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
+               fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
                if (fd >= 0) {
                        (void) ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY, NULL);
                        close(fd);
@@ -554,22 +1098,7 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
 #endif /* TIOCNOTTY */
        }
        /* Reinitialize the log (because of the fork above). */
-       log_init(av0, options.log_level, options.log_facility, log_stderr);
-
-       /* Check that server and host key lengths differ sufficiently.
-          This is necessary to make double encryption work with rsaref.
-          Oh, I hate software patents. I dont know if this can go? Niels */
-       if (options.server_key_bits >
-       BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n) - SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED &&
-           options.server_key_bits <
-       BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n) + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED) {
-               options.server_key_bits =
-                       BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n) + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED;
-               debug("Forcing server key to %d bits to make it differ from host key.",
-                     options.server_key_bits);
-       }
-       /* Do not display messages to stdout in RSA code. */
-       rsa_set_verbose(0);
+       log_init(__progname, options.log_level, options.log_facility, log_stderr);
 
        /* Initialize the random number generator. */
        arc4random_stir();
@@ -578,26 +1107,25 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
           unmounted if desired. */
        chdir("/");
 
+       /* ignore SIGPIPE */
+       signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
        /* Start listening for a socket, unless started from inetd. */
        if (inetd_flag) {
-               int s1, s2;
+               int s1;
                s1 = dup(0);    /* Make sure descriptors 0, 1, and 2 are in use. */
-               s2 = dup(s1);
+               dup(s1);
                sock_in = dup(0);
                sock_out = dup(1);
-               /* We intentionally do not close the descriptors 0, 1, and 2
-                  as our code for setting the descriptors won\'t work
-                  if ttyfd happens to be one of those. */
+               startup_pipe = -1;
+               /*
+                * We intentionally do not close the descriptors 0, 1, and 2
+                * as our code for setting the descriptors won\'t work if
+                * ttyfd happens to be one of those.
+                */
                debug("inetd sockets after dupping: %d, %d", sock_in, sock_out);
-
-               public_key = RSA_new();
-               sensitive_data.private_key = RSA_new();
-
-               log("Generating %d bit RSA key.", options.server_key_bits);
-               rsa_generate_key(sensitive_data.private_key, public_key,
-                                options.server_key_bits);
-               arc4random_stir();
-               log("RSA key generation complete.");
+               if (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1)
+                       generate_ephemeral_server_key();
        } else {
                for (ai = options.listen_addrs; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) {
                        if (ai->ai_family != AF_INET && ai->ai_family != AF_INET6)
@@ -612,7 +1140,8 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
                                continue;
                        }
                        /* Create socket for listening. */
-                       listen_sock = socket(ai->ai_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+                       listen_sock = socket(ai->ai_family, ai->ai_socktype,
+                           ai->ai_protocol);
                        if (listen_sock < 0) {
                                /* kernel may not support ipv6 */
                                verbose("socket: %.100s", strerror(errno));
@@ -624,25 +1153,20 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
                                continue;
                        }
                        /*
-                        * Set socket options.  We try to make the port
-                        * reusable and have it close as fast as possible
-                        * without waiting in unnecessary wait states on
-                        * close.
+                        * Set socket options.
+                        * Allow local port reuse in TIME_WAIT.
                         */
-                       setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
-                           (void *) &on, sizeof(on));
-                       linger.l_onoff = 1;
-                       linger.l_linger = 5;
-                       setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER,
-                           (void *) &linger, sizeof(linger));
+                       if (setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
+                           &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
+                               error("setsockopt SO_REUSEADDR: %s", strerror(errno));
 
                        debug("Bind to port %s on %s.", strport, ntop);
 
                        /* Bind the socket to the desired port. */
-                       if ((bind(listen_sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) &&
-                                (!ai->ai_next)) {
-                               error("Bind to port %s on %s failed: %.200s.",
-                                   strport, ntop, strerror(errno));
+                       if (bind(listen_sock, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
+                               if (!ai->ai_next)
+                                   error("Bind to port %s on %s failed: %.200s.",
+                                           strport, ntop, strerror(errno));
                                close(listen_sock);
                                continue;
                        }
@@ -650,7 +1174,7 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
                        num_listen_socks++;
 
                        /* Start listening on the port. */
-                       log("Server listening on %s port %s.", ntop, strport);
+                       logit("Server listening on %s port %s.", ntop, strport);
                        if (listen(listen_sock, 5) < 0)
                                fatal("listen: %.100s", strerror(errno));
 
@@ -660,49 +1184,50 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
                if (!num_listen_socks)
                        fatal("Cannot bind any address.");
 
+               if (options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1)
+                       generate_ephemeral_server_key();
+
+               /*
+                * Arrange to restart on SIGHUP.  The handler needs
+                * listen_sock.
+                */
+               signal(SIGHUP, sighup_handler);
+
+               signal(SIGTERM, sigterm_handler);
+               signal(SIGQUIT, sigterm_handler);
+
+               /* Arrange SIGCHLD to be caught. */
+               signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
+
+               /* Write out the pid file after the sigterm handler is setup */
                if (!debug_flag) {
                        /*
-                        * Record our pid in /etc/sshd_pid to make it easier
-                        * to kill the correct sshd.  We don\'t want to do
-                        * this before the bind above because the bind will
+                        * Record our pid in /var/run/sshd.pid to make it
+                        * easier to kill the correct sshd.  We don't want to
+                        * do this before the bind above because the bind will
                         * fail if there already is a daemon, and this will
                         * overwrite any old pid in the file.
                         */
-                       f = fopen(SSH_DAEMON_PID_FILE, "w");
-                       if (f) {
-                               fprintf(f, "%u\n", (unsigned int) getpid());
+                       f = fopen(options.pid_file, "wb");
+                       if (f == NULL) {
+                               error("Couldn't create pid file \"%s\": %s",
+                                   options.pid_file, strerror(errno));
+                       } else {
+                               fprintf(f, "%ld\n", (long) getpid());
                                fclose(f);
                        }
                }
 
-               public_key = RSA_new();
-               sensitive_data.private_key = RSA_new();
-
-               log("Generating %d bit RSA key.", options.server_key_bits);
-               rsa_generate_key(sensitive_data.private_key, public_key,
-                                options.server_key_bits);
-               arc4random_stir();
-               log("RSA key generation complete.");
-
-               /* Schedule server key regeneration alarm. */
-               signal(SIGALRM, key_regeneration_alarm);
-               alarm(options.key_regeneration_time);
-
-               /* Arrange to restart on SIGHUP.  The handler needs listen_sock. */
-               signal(SIGHUP, sighup_handler);
-               signal(SIGTERM, sigterm_handler);
-               signal(SIGQUIT, sigterm_handler);
-
-               /* Arrange SIGCHLD to be caught. */
-               signal(SIGCHLD, main_sigchld_handler);
-
                /* setup fd set for listen */
+               fdset = NULL;
                maxfd = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++)
                        if (listen_socks[i] > maxfd)
                                maxfd = listen_socks[i];
-               fdsetsz = howmany(maxfd, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);         
-               fdset = (fd_set *)xmalloc(fdsetsz);                                  
+               /* pipes connected to unauthenticated childs */
+               startup_pipes = xmalloc(options.max_startups * sizeof(int));
+               for (i = 0; i < options.max_startups; i++)
+                       startup_pipes[i] = -1;
 
                /*
                 * Stay listening for connections until the system crashes or
@@ -711,80 +1236,148 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
                for (;;) {
                        if (received_sighup)
                                sighup_restart();
-                       /* Wait in select until there is a connection. */
+                       if (fdset != NULL)
+                               xfree(fdset);
+                       fdsetsz = howmany(maxfd+1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
+                       fdset = (fd_set *)xmalloc(fdsetsz);
                        memset(fdset, 0, fdsetsz);
+
                        for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++)
                                FD_SET(listen_socks[i], fdset);
-                       if (select(maxfd + 1, fdset, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
-                               if (errno != EINTR)
-                                       error("select: %.100s", strerror(errno));
-                               continue;
+                       for (i = 0; i < options.max_startups; i++)
+                               if (startup_pipes[i] != -1)
+                                       FD_SET(startup_pipes[i], fdset);
+
+                       /* Wait in select until there is a connection. */
+                       ret = select(maxfd+1, fdset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+                       if (ret < 0 && errno != EINTR)
+                               error("select: %.100s", strerror(errno));
+                       if (received_sigterm) {
+                               logit("Received signal %d; terminating.",
+                                   (int) received_sigterm);
+                               close_listen_socks();
+                               unlink(options.pid_file);
+                               exit(255);
                        }
+                       if (key_used && key_do_regen) {
+                               generate_ephemeral_server_key();
+                               key_used = 0;
+                               key_do_regen = 0;
+                       }
+                       if (ret < 0)
+                               continue;
+
+                       for (i = 0; i < options.max_startups; i++)
+                               if (startup_pipes[i] != -1 &&
+                                   FD_ISSET(startup_pipes[i], fdset)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * the read end of the pipe is ready
+                                        * if the child has closed the pipe
+                                        * after successful authentication
+                                        * or if the child has died
+                                        */
+                                       close(startup_pipes[i]);
+                                       startup_pipes[i] = -1;
+                                       startups--;
+                               }
                        for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++) {
                                if (!FD_ISSET(listen_socks[i], fdset))
                                        continue;
-                       fromlen = sizeof(from);
-                       newsock = accept(listen_socks[i], (struct sockaddr *)&from,
-                           &fromlen);
-                       if (newsock < 0) {
-                               if (errno != EINTR && errno != EWOULDBLOCK)
-                                       error("accept: %.100s", strerror(errno));
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       if (fcntl(newsock, F_SETFL, 0) < 0) {
-                               error("newsock del O_NONBLOCK: %s", strerror(errno));
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       /*
-                        * Got connection.  Fork a child to handle it, unless
-                        * we are in debugging mode.
-                        */
-                       if (debug_flag) {
-                               /*
-                                * In debugging mode.  Close the listening
-                                * socket, and start processing the
-                                * connection without forking.
-                                */
-                               debug("Server will not fork when running in debugging mode.");
-                               close_listen_socks();
-                               sock_in = newsock;
-                               sock_out = newsock;
-                               pid = getpid();
-                               break;
-                       } else {
+                               fromlen = sizeof(from);
+                               newsock = accept(listen_socks[i], (struct sockaddr *)&from,
+                                   &fromlen);
+                               if (newsock < 0) {
+                                       if (errno != EINTR && errno != EWOULDBLOCK)
+                                               error("accept: %.100s", strerror(errno));
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               if (fcntl(newsock, F_SETFL, 0) < 0) {
+                                       error("newsock del O_NONBLOCK: %s", strerror(errno));
+                                       close(newsock);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               if (drop_connection(startups) == 1) {
+                                       debug("drop connection #%d", startups);
+                                       close(newsock);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               if (pipe(startup_p) == -1) {
+                                       close(newsock);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+
+                               for (j = 0; j < options.max_startups; j++)
+                                       if (startup_pipes[j] == -1) {
+                                               startup_pipes[j] = startup_p[0];
+                                               if (maxfd < startup_p[0])
+                                                       maxfd = startup_p[0];
+                                               startups++;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+
                                /*
-                                * Normal production daemon.  Fork, and have
-                                * the child process the connection. The
-                                * parent continues listening.
+                                * Got connection.  Fork a child to handle it, unless
+                                * we are in debugging mode.
                                 */
-                               if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+                               if (debug_flag) {
                                        /*
-                                        * Child.  Close the listening socket, and start using the
-                                        * accepted socket.  Reinitialize logging (since our pid has
-                                        * changed).  We break out of the loop to handle the connection.
+                                        * In debugging mode.  Close the listening
+                                        * socket, and start processing the
+                                        * connection without forking.
                                         */
+                                       debug("Server will not fork when running in debugging mode.");
                                        close_listen_socks();
                                        sock_in = newsock;
                                        sock_out = newsock;
-                                       log_init(av0, options.log_level, options.log_facility, log_stderr);
+                                       startup_pipe = -1;
+                                       pid = getpid();
                                        break;
+                               } else {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Normal production daemon.  Fork, and have
+                                        * the child process the connection. The
+                                        * parent continues listening.
+                                        */
+                                       if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+                                               /*
+                                                * Child.  Close the listening and max_startup
+                                                * sockets.  Start using the accepted socket.
+                                                * Reinitialize logging (since our pid has
+                                                * changed).  We break out of the loop to handle
+                                                * the connection.
+                                                */
+                                               startup_pipe = startup_p[1];
+                                               close_startup_pipes();
+                                               close_listen_socks();
+                                               sock_in = newsock;
+                                               sock_out = newsock;
+                                               log_init(__progname, options.log_level, options.log_facility, log_stderr);
+                                               break;
+                                       }
                                }
-                       }
-
-                       /* Parent.  Stay in the loop. */
-                       if (pid < 0)
-                               error("fork: %.100s", strerror(errno));
-                       else
-                               debug("Forked child %d.", pid);
 
-                       /* Mark that the key has been used (it was "given" to the child). */
-                       key_used = 1;
+                               /* Parent.  Stay in the loop. */
+                               if (pid < 0)
+                                       error("fork: %.100s", strerror(errno));
+                               else
+                                       debug("Forked child %ld.", (long)pid);
+
+                               close(startup_p[1]);
+
+                               /* Mark that the key has been used (it was "given" to the child). */
+                               if ((options.protocol & SSH_PROTO_1) &&
+                                   key_used == 0) {
+                                       /* Schedule server key regeneration alarm. */
+                                       signal(SIGALRM, key_regeneration_alarm);
+                                       alarm(options.key_regeneration_time);
+                                       key_used = 1;
+                               }
 
-                       arc4random_stir();
+                               arc4random_stir();
 
-                       /* Close the new socket (the child is now taking care of it). */
-                       close(newsock);
-                       } /* for (i = 0; i < num_listen_socks; i++) */
+                               /* Close the new socket (the child is now taking care of it). */
+                               close(newsock);
+                       }
                        /* child process check (or debug mode) */
                        if (num_listen_socks < 0)
                                break;
@@ -793,6 +1386,21 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
 
        /* This is the child processing a new connection. */
 
+       /*
+        * Create a new session and process group since the 4.4BSD
+        * setlogin() affects the entire process group.  We don't
+        * want the child to be able to affect the parent.
+        */
+#if !defined(SSHD_ACQUIRES_CTTY)
+       /*
+        * If setsid is called, on some platforms sshd will later acquire a
+        * controlling terminal which will result in "could not set
+        * controlling tty" errors.
+        */
+       if (!debug_flag && !inetd_flag && setsid() < 0)
+               error("setsid: %.100s", strerror(errno));
+#endif
+
        /*
         * Disable the key regeneration alarm.  We will not regenerate the
         * key since we are no longer in a position to give it to anyone. We
@@ -804,16 +1412,13 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
        signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
+       signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
 
-       /*
-        * Set socket options for the connection.  We want the socket to
-        * close as fast as possible without waiting for anything.  If the
-        * connection is not a socket, these will do nothing.
-        */
-       /* setsockopt(sock_in, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&on, sizeof(on)); */
-       linger.l_onoff = 1;
-       linger.l_linger = 5;
-       setsockopt(sock_in, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (void *) &linger, sizeof(linger));
+       /* Set keepalives if requested. */
+       if (options.keepalives &&
+           setsockopt(sock_in, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, &on,
+           sizeof(on)) < 0)
+               error("setsockopt SO_KEEPALIVE: %.100s", strerror(errno));
 
        /*
         * Register our connection.  This turns encryption off because we do
@@ -824,23 +1429,23 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
        remote_port = get_remote_port();
        remote_ip = get_remote_ipaddr();
 
-       /* Check whether logins are denied from this host. */
 #ifdef LIBWRAP
-       /* XXX LIBWRAP noes not know about IPv6 */
+       /* Check whether logins are denied from this host. */
        {
                struct request_info req;
 
-               request_init(&req, RQ_DAEMON, av0, RQ_FILE, sock_in, NULL);
+               request_init(&req, RQ_DAEMON, __progname, RQ_FILE, sock_in, 0);
                fromhost(&req);
 
                if (!hosts_access(&req)) {
-                       close(sock_in);
-                       close(sock_out);
+                       debug("Connection refused by tcp wrapper");
                        refuse(&req);
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+                       fatal("libwrap refuse returns");
                }
-/*XXX IPv6 verbose("Connection from %.500s port %d", eval_client(&req), remote_port); */
        }
 #endif /* LIBWRAP */
+
        /* Log the connection. */
        verbose("Connection from %.500s port %d", remote_ip, remote_port);
 
@@ -857,68 +1462,122 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
                alarm(options.login_grace_time);
 
        sshd_exchange_identification(sock_in, sock_out);
-       /*
-        * Check that the connection comes from a privileged port.  Rhosts-
-        * and Rhosts-RSA-Authentication only make sense from priviledged
-        * programs.  Of course, if the intruder has root access on his local
-        * machine, he can connect from any port.  So do not use these
-        * authentication methods from machines that you do not trust.
-        */
-       if (remote_port >= IPPORT_RESERVED ||
-           remote_port < IPPORT_RESERVED / 2) {
-               options.rhosts_authentication = 0;
-               options.rhosts_rsa_authentication = 0;
-       }
-#ifdef KRB4
-       if (!packet_connection_is_ipv4() &&
-           options.kerberos_authentication) {
-               debug("Kerberos Authentication disabled, only available for IPv4.");
-               options.kerberos_authentication = 0;
-       }
-#endif /* KRB4 */
 
        packet_set_nonblocking();
 
+        /* prepare buffers to collect authentication messages */
+       buffer_init(&loginmsg);
+
+       if (use_privsep)
+               if ((authctxt = privsep_preauth()) != NULL)
+                       goto authenticated;
+
        /* perform the key exchange */
        /* authenticate user and start session */
        if (compat20) {
                do_ssh2_kex();
-               do_authentication2();
+               authctxt = do_authentication2();
        } else {
                do_ssh1_kex();
-               do_authentication();
+               authctxt = do_authentication();
+       }
+       /*
+        * If we use privilege separation, the unprivileged child transfers
+        * the current keystate and exits
+        */
+       if (use_privsep) {
+               mm_send_keystate(pmonitor);
+               exit(0);
        }
 
-#ifdef KRB4
-       /* Cleanup user's ticket cache file. */
-       if (options.kerberos_ticket_cleanup)
-               (void) dest_tkt();
-#endif /* KRB4 */
+ authenticated:
+       /*
+        * In privilege separation, we fork another child and prepare
+        * file descriptor passing.
+        */
+       if (use_privsep) {
+               privsep_postauth(authctxt);
+               /* the monitor process [priv] will not return */
+               if (!compat20)
+                       destroy_sensitive_data();
+       }
+
+       /* Perform session preparation. */
+       do_authenticated(authctxt);
 
        /* The connection has been terminated. */
        verbose("Closing connection to %.100s", remote_ip);
 
 #ifdef USE_PAM
-       finish_pam();
+       if (options.use_pam)
+               finish_pam();
 #endif /* USE_PAM */
 
        packet_close();
+
+       if (use_privsep)
+               mm_terminate();
+
        exit(0);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Decrypt session_key_int using our private server key and private host key
+ * (key with larger modulus first).
+ */
+int
+ssh1_session_key(BIGNUM *session_key_int)
+{
+       int rsafail = 0;
+
+       if (BN_cmp(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n, sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n) > 0) {
+               /* Server key has bigger modulus. */
+               if (BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n) <
+                   BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n) + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED) {
+                       fatal("do_connection: %s: server_key %d < host_key %d + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED %d",
+                           get_remote_ipaddr(),
+                           BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n),
+                           BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n),
+                           SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED);
+               }
+               if (rsa_private_decrypt(session_key_int, session_key_int,
+                   sensitive_data.server_key->rsa) <= 0)
+                       rsafail++;
+               if (rsa_private_decrypt(session_key_int, session_key_int,
+                   sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa) <= 0)
+                       rsafail++;
+       } else {
+               /* Host key has bigger modulus (or they are equal). */
+               if (BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n) <
+                   BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n) + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED) {
+                       fatal("do_connection: %s: host_key %d < server_key %d + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED %d",
+                           get_remote_ipaddr(),
+                           BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n),
+                           BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n),
+                           SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED);
+               }
+               if (rsa_private_decrypt(session_key_int, session_key_int,
+                   sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa) < 0)
+                       rsafail++;
+               if (rsa_private_decrypt(session_key_int, session_key_int,
+                   sensitive_data.server_key->rsa) < 0)
+                       rsafail++;
+       }
+       return (rsafail);
+}
 /*
  * SSH1 key exchange
  */
-void
-do_ssh1_kex()
+static void
+do_ssh1_kex(void)
 {
        int i, len;
-       int plen, slen;
+       int rsafail = 0;
        BIGNUM *session_key_int;
-       unsigned char session_key[SSH_SESSION_KEY_LENGTH];
-       unsigned char cookie[8];
-       unsigned int cipher_type, auth_mask, protocol_flags;
-       u_int32_t rand = 0;
+       u_char session_key[SSH_SESSION_KEY_LENGTH];
+       u_char cookie[8];
+       u_int cipher_type, auth_mask, protocol_flags;
+       u_int32_t rnd = 0;
 
        /*
         * Generate check bytes that the client must send back in the user
@@ -931,9 +1590,9 @@ do_ssh1_kex()
         */
        for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                if (i % 4 == 0)
-                       rand = arc4random();
-               cookie[i] = rand & 0xff;
-               rand >>= 8;
+                       rnd = arc4random();
+               cookie[i] = rnd & 0xff;
+               rnd >>= 8;
        }
 
        /*
@@ -946,43 +1605,29 @@ do_ssh1_kex()
                packet_put_char(cookie[i]);
 
        /* Store our public server RSA key. */
-       packet_put_int(BN_num_bits(public_key->n));
-       packet_put_bignum(public_key->e);
-       packet_put_bignum(public_key->n);
+       packet_put_int(BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n));
+       packet_put_bignum(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->e);
+       packet_put_bignum(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n);
 
        /* Store our public host RSA key. */
-       packet_put_int(BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n));
-       packet_put_bignum(sensitive_data.host_key->e);
-       packet_put_bignum(sensitive_data.host_key->n);
+       packet_put_int(BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n));
+       packet_put_bignum(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->e);
+       packet_put_bignum(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n);
 
        /* Put protocol flags. */
        packet_put_int(SSH_PROTOFLAG_HOST_IN_FWD_OPEN);
 
        /* Declare which ciphers we support. */
-       packet_put_int(cipher_mask1());
+       packet_put_int(cipher_mask_ssh1(0));
 
        /* Declare supported authentication types. */
        auth_mask = 0;
-       if (options.rhosts_authentication)
-               auth_mask |= 1 << SSH_AUTH_RHOSTS;
        if (options.rhosts_rsa_authentication)
                auth_mask |= 1 << SSH_AUTH_RHOSTS_RSA;
        if (options.rsa_authentication)
                auth_mask |= 1 << SSH_AUTH_RSA;
-#ifdef KRB4
-       if (options.kerberos_authentication)
-               auth_mask |= 1 << SSH_AUTH_KERBEROS;
-#endif
-#ifdef AFS
-       if (options.kerberos_tgt_passing)
-               auth_mask |= 1 << SSH_PASS_KERBEROS_TGT;
-       if (options.afs_token_passing)
-               auth_mask |= 1 << SSH_PASS_AFS_TOKEN;
-#endif
-#ifdef SKEY
-       if (options.skey_authentication == 1)
+       if (options.challenge_response_authentication == 1)
                auth_mask |= 1 << SSH_AUTH_TIS;
-#endif
        if (options.password_authentication)
                auth_mask |= 1 << SSH_AUTH_PASSWORD;
        packet_put_int(auth_mask);
@@ -991,16 +1636,17 @@ do_ssh1_kex()
        packet_send();
        packet_write_wait();
 
-       debug("Sent %d bit public key and %d bit host key.",
-             BN_num_bits(public_key->n), BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n));
+       debug("Sent %d bit server key and %d bit host key.",
+           BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n),
+           BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n));
 
        /* Read clients reply (cipher type and session key). */
-       packet_read_expect(&plen, SSH_CMSG_SESSION_KEY);
+       packet_read_expect(SSH_CMSG_SESSION_KEY);
 
        /* Get cipher type and check whether we accept this. */
        cipher_type = packet_get_char();
 
-        if (!(cipher_mask() & (1 << cipher_type)))
+       if (!(cipher_mask_ssh1(0) & (1 << cipher_type)))
                packet_disconnect("Warning: client selects unsupported cipher.");
 
        /* Get check bytes from the packet.  These must match those we
@@ -1012,78 +1658,76 @@ do_ssh1_kex()
        debug("Encryption type: %.200s", cipher_name(cipher_type));
 
        /* Get the encrypted integer. */
-       session_key_int = BN_new();
-       packet_get_bignum(session_key_int, &slen);
+       if ((session_key_int = BN_new()) == NULL)
+               fatal("do_ssh1_kex: BN_new failed");
+       packet_get_bignum(session_key_int);
 
        protocol_flags = packet_get_int();
        packet_set_protocol_flags(protocol_flags);
+       packet_check_eom();
 
-       packet_integrity_check(plen, 1 + 8 + slen + 4, SSH_CMSG_SESSION_KEY);
-
-       /*
-        * Decrypt it using our private server key and private host key (key
-        * with larger modulus first).
-        */
-       if (BN_cmp(sensitive_data.private_key->n, sensitive_data.host_key->n) > 0) {
-               /* Private key has bigger modulus. */
-               if (BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.private_key->n) <
-                   BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n) + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED) {
-                       fatal("do_connection: %s: private_key %d < host_key %d + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED %d",
-                             get_remote_ipaddr(),
-                             BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.private_key->n),
-                             BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n),
-                             SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED);
-               }
-               rsa_private_decrypt(session_key_int, session_key_int,
-                                   sensitive_data.private_key);
-               rsa_private_decrypt(session_key_int, session_key_int,
-                                   sensitive_data.host_key);
-       } else {
-               /* Host key has bigger modulus (or they are equal). */
-               if (BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n) <
-                   BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.private_key->n) + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED) {
-                       fatal("do_connection: %s: host_key %d < private_key %d + SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED %d",
-                             get_remote_ipaddr(),
-                             BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.host_key->n),
-                             BN_num_bits(sensitive_data.private_key->n),
-                             SSH_KEY_BITS_RESERVED);
-               }
-               rsa_private_decrypt(session_key_int, session_key_int,
-                                   sensitive_data.host_key);
-               rsa_private_decrypt(session_key_int, session_key_int,
-                                   sensitive_data.private_key);
-       }
-
-       compute_session_id(session_id, cookie,
-                          sensitive_data.host_key->n,
-                          sensitive_data.private_key->n);
-
-       /* Destroy the private and public keys.  They will no longer be needed. */
-       RSA_free(public_key);
-       RSA_free(sensitive_data.private_key);
-       RSA_free(sensitive_data.host_key);
+       /* Decrypt session_key_int using host/server keys */
+       rsafail = PRIVSEP(ssh1_session_key(session_key_int));
 
        /*
         * Extract session key from the decrypted integer.  The key is in the
         * least significant 256 bits of the integer; the first byte of the
         * key is in the highest bits.
         */
-       BN_mask_bits(session_key_int, sizeof(session_key) * 8);
-       len = BN_num_bytes(session_key_int);
-       if (len < 0 || len > sizeof(session_key))
-               fatal("do_connection: bad len from %s: session_key_int %d > sizeof(session_key) %d",
-                     get_remote_ipaddr(),
-                     len, sizeof(session_key));
-       memset(session_key, 0, sizeof(session_key));
-       BN_bn2bin(session_key_int, session_key + sizeof(session_key) - len);
+       if (!rsafail) {
+               BN_mask_bits(session_key_int, sizeof(session_key) * 8);
+               len = BN_num_bytes(session_key_int);
+               if (len < 0 || len > sizeof(session_key)) {
+                       error("do_connection: bad session key len from %s: "
+                           "session_key_int %d > sizeof(session_key) %lu",
+                           get_remote_ipaddr(), len, (u_long)sizeof(session_key));
+                       rsafail++;
+               } else {
+                       memset(session_key, 0, sizeof(session_key));
+                       BN_bn2bin(session_key_int,
+                           session_key + sizeof(session_key) - len);
+
+                       compute_session_id(session_id, cookie,
+                           sensitive_data.ssh1_host_key->rsa->n,
+                           sensitive_data.server_key->rsa->n);
+                       /*
+                        * Xor the first 16 bytes of the session key with the
+                        * session id.
+                        */
+                       for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+                               session_key[i] ^= session_id[i];
+               }
+       }
+       if (rsafail) {
+               int bytes = BN_num_bytes(session_key_int);
+               u_char *buf = xmalloc(bytes);
+               MD5_CTX md;
+
+               logit("do_connection: generating a fake encryption key");
+               BN_bn2bin(session_key_int, buf);
+               MD5_Init(&md);
+               MD5_Update(&md, buf, bytes);
+               MD5_Update(&md, sensitive_data.ssh1_cookie, SSH_SESSION_KEY_LENGTH);
+               MD5_Final(session_key, &md);
+               MD5_Init(&md);
+               MD5_Update(&md, session_key, 16);
+               MD5_Update(&md, buf, bytes);
+               MD5_Update(&md, sensitive_data.ssh1_cookie, SSH_SESSION_KEY_LENGTH);
+               MD5_Final(session_key + 16, &md);
+               memset(buf, 0, bytes);
+               xfree(buf);
+               for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+                       session_id[i] = session_key[i] ^ session_key[i + 16];
+       }
+       /* Destroy the private and public keys. No longer. */
+       destroy_sensitive_data();
+
+       if (use_privsep)
+               mm_ssh1_session_id(session_id);
 
        /* Destroy the decrypted integer.  It is no longer needed. */
        BN_clear_free(session_key_int);
 
-       /* Xor the first 16 bytes of the session key with the session id. */
-       for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
-               session_key[i] ^= session_id[i];
-
        /* Set the session key.  From this on all communications will be encrypted. */
        packet_set_encryption_key(session_key, SSH_SESSION_KEY_LENGTH, cipher_type);
 
@@ -1092,7 +1736,7 @@ do_ssh1_kex()
 
        debug("Received session key; encryption turned on.");
 
-       /* Send an acknowledgement packet.  Note that this packet is sent encrypted. */
+       /* Send an acknowledgment packet.  Note that this packet is sent encrypted. */
        packet_start(SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS);
        packet_send();
        packet_write_wait();
@@ -1101,177 +1745,53 @@ do_ssh1_kex()
 /*
  * SSH2 key exchange: diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
  */
-void
-do_ssh2_kex()
+static void
+do_ssh2_kex(void)
 {
-       Buffer *server_kexinit;
-       Buffer *client_kexinit;
-       int payload_len, dlen;
-       int slen;
-       unsigned int klen, kout;
-       char *ptr;
-       unsigned char *signature = NULL;
-       unsigned char *server_host_key_blob = NULL;
-       unsigned int sbloblen;
-       DH *dh;
-       BIGNUM *dh_client_pub = 0;
-       BIGNUM *shared_secret = 0;
-       int i;
-       unsigned char *kbuf;
-       unsigned char *hash;
        Kex *kex;
-       Key *server_host_key;
-       char *cprop[PROPOSAL_MAX];
-       char *sprop[PROPOSAL_MAX];
-
-/* KEXINIT */
-
-       debug("Sending KEX init.");
-
-       for (i = 0; i < PROPOSAL_MAX; i++)
-               sprop[i] = xstrdup(myproposal[i]);
-       server_kexinit = kex_init(sprop);
-       packet_start(SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT);
-       packet_put_raw(buffer_ptr(server_kexinit), buffer_len(server_kexinit)); 
-       packet_send();
-       packet_write_wait();
-
-       debug("done");
 
-       packet_read_expect(&payload_len, SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT);
-
-       /*
-        * save raw KEXINIT payload in buffer. this is used during
-        * computation of the session_id and the session keys.
-        */
-       client_kexinit = xmalloc(sizeof(*client_kexinit));
-       buffer_init(client_kexinit);
-       ptr = packet_get_raw(&payload_len);
-       buffer_append(client_kexinit, ptr, payload_len);
-
-       /* skip cookie */
-       for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
-               (void) packet_get_char();
-       /* save kex init proposal strings */
-       for (i = 0; i < PROPOSAL_MAX; i++) {
-               cprop[i] = packet_get_string(NULL);
-               debug("got kexinit string: %s", cprop[i]);
+       if (options.ciphers != NULL) {
+               myproposal[PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_CTOS] =
+               myproposal[PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_STOC] = options.ciphers;
        }
+       myproposal[PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_CTOS] =
+           compat_cipher_proposal(myproposal[PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_CTOS]);
+       myproposal[PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_STOC] =
+           compat_cipher_proposal(myproposal[PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_STOC]);
+
+       if (options.macs != NULL) {
+               myproposal[PROPOSAL_MAC_ALGS_CTOS] =
+               myproposal[PROPOSAL_MAC_ALGS_STOC] = options.macs;
+       }
+       if (!options.compression) {
+               myproposal[PROPOSAL_COMP_ALGS_CTOS] =
+               myproposal[PROPOSAL_COMP_ALGS_STOC] = "none";
+       }
+       myproposal[PROPOSAL_SERVER_HOST_KEY_ALGS] = list_hostkey_types();
 
-       i = (int) packet_get_char();
-       debug("first kex follow == %d", i);
-       i = packet_get_int();
-       debug("reserved == %d", i);
-
-       debug("done read kexinit");
-       kex = kex_choose_conf(cprop, sprop, 1);
-
-/* KEXDH */
-
-       debug("Wait SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT.");
-       packet_read_expect(&payload_len, SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT);
+       /* start key exchange */
+       kex = kex_setup(myproposal);
+       kex->kex[KEX_DH_GRP1_SHA1] = kexdh_server;
+       kex->kex[KEX_DH_GEX_SHA1] = kexgex_server;
+       kex->server = 1;
+       kex->client_version_string=client_version_string;
+       kex->server_version_string=server_version_string;
+       kex->load_host_key=&get_hostkey_by_type;
+       kex->host_key_index=&get_hostkey_index;
 
-       /* key, cert */
-       dh_client_pub = BN_new();
-       if (dh_client_pub == NULL)
-               fatal("dh_client_pub == NULL");
-       packet_get_bignum2(dh_client_pub, &dlen);
+       xxx_kex = kex;
 
-#ifdef DEBUG_KEXDH
-       fprintf(stderr, "\ndh_client_pub= ");
-       bignum_print(dh_client_pub);
-       fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-       debug("bits %d", BN_num_bits(dh_client_pub));
-#endif
+       dispatch_run(DISPATCH_BLOCK, &kex->done, kex);
 
-       /* generate DH key */
-       dh = new_dh_group1();                   /* XXX depends on 'kex' */
+       session_id2 = kex->session_id;
+       session_id2_len = kex->session_id_len;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_KEXDH
-       fprintf(stderr, "\np= ");
-       bignum_print(dh->p);
-       fprintf(stderr, "\ng= ");
-       bignum_print(dh->g);
-       fprintf(stderr, "\npub= ");
-       bignum_print(dh->pub_key);
-       fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-#endif
-
-       klen = DH_size(dh);
-       kbuf = xmalloc(klen);
-       kout = DH_compute_key(kbuf, dh_client_pub, dh);
-
-#ifdef DEBUG_KEXDH
-       debug("shared secret: len %d/%d", klen, kout);
-       fprintf(stderr, "shared secret == ");
-       for (i = 0; i< kout; i++)
-               fprintf(stderr, "%02x", (kbuf[i])&0xff);
-       fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-#endif
-       shared_secret = BN_new();
-
-       BN_bin2bn(kbuf, kout, shared_secret);
-       memset(kbuf, 0, klen);
-       xfree(kbuf);
-
-       server_host_key = dsa_get_serverkey(options.dsa_key_file);
-       dsa_make_serverkey_blob(server_host_key, &server_host_key_blob, &sbloblen);
-
-       /* calc H */                    /* XXX depends on 'kex' */
-       hash = kex_hash(
-           client_version_string,
-           server_version_string,
-           buffer_ptr(client_kexinit), buffer_len(client_kexinit),
-           buffer_ptr(server_kexinit), buffer_len(server_kexinit),
-           (char *)server_host_key_blob, sbloblen,
-           dh_client_pub,
-           dh->pub_key,
-           shared_secret
-       );
-       buffer_free(client_kexinit);
-       buffer_free(server_kexinit);
-       xfree(client_kexinit);
-       xfree(server_kexinit);
-#ifdef DEBUG_KEXDH
-        fprintf(stderr, "hash == ");
-        for (i = 0; i< 20; i++)
-                fprintf(stderr, "%02x", (hash[i])&0xff);
-        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-#endif
-       /* sign H */
-       dsa_sign(server_host_key, &signature, &slen, hash, 20);
-               /* hashlen depends on KEX */
-       key_free(server_host_key);
-
-       /* send server hostkey, DH pubkey 'f' and singed H */
-       packet_start(SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY);
-       packet_put_string((char *)server_host_key_blob, sbloblen);
-       packet_put_bignum2(dh->pub_key);        // f
-       packet_put_string((char *)signature, slen);
-       packet_send();
-       packet_write_wait();
-
-       kex_derive_keys(kex, hash, shared_secret);
-       packet_set_kex(kex);
-
-       /* have keys, free DH */
-       DH_free(dh);
-
-       debug("send SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS.");
-       packet_start(SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS);
-       packet_send();
-       packet_write_wait();
-       debug("done: send SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS.");
-
-       debug("Wait SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS.");
-       packet_read_expect(&payload_len, SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS);
-       debug("GOT SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS.");
-
        /* send 1st encrypted/maced/compressed message */
        packet_start(SSH2_MSG_IGNORE);
        packet_put_cstring("markus");
        packet_send();
        packet_write_wait();
-
-       debug("done: KEX2.");
+#endif
+       debug("KEX done");
 }
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