4 You will need working installations of Zlib and OpenSSL.
6 Zlib 1.1.4 or 1.2.1.2 or greater (ealier 1.2.x versions have problems):
7 http://www.gzip.org/zlib/
9 OpenSSL 0.9.6 or greater:
10 http://www.openssl.org/
12 (OpenSSL 0.9.5a is partially supported, but some ciphers (SSH protocol 1
13 Blowfish) do not work correctly.)
15 The remaining items are optional.
17 OpenSSH can utilise Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) if your system
18 supports it. PAM is standard on Redhat and Debian Linux, Solaris and
21 NB. If you operating system supports /dev/random, you should configure
22 OpenSSL to use it. OpenSSH relies on OpenSSL's direct support of
23 /dev/random. If you don't you will have to rely on ssh-rand-helper, which
24 is inferior to a good kernel-based solution.
27 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/
29 If you wish to build the GNOME passphrase requester, you will need the GNOME
30 libraries and headers.
35 Alternatively, Jim Knoble <jmknoble@pobox.com> has written an excellent X11
36 passphrase requester. This is maintained separately at:
38 http://www.jmknoble.net/software/x11-ssh-askpass/
42 If your system lacks Kernel based random collection, the use of Lutz
43 Jaenicke's PRNGd is recommended.
45 http://www.aet.tu-cottbus.de/personen/jaenicke/postfix_tls/prngd.html
49 The Entropy Gathering Daemon (EGD) is supported if you have a system which
50 lacks /dev/random and don't want to use OpenSSH's internal entropy collection.
52 http://www.lothar.com/tech/crypto/
56 If you wish to use --with-skey then you will need the library below
57 installed. No other S/Key library is currently known to be supported.
59 http://www.sparc.spb.su/solaris/skey/
63 sftp supports command-line editing via NetBSD's libedit. If your platform
64 has it available natively you can use that, alternatively you might try
65 these multi-platform ports:
67 http://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/
68 http://sourceforge.net/projects/libedit/
72 If you modify configure.ac or configure doesn't exist (eg if you checked
73 the code out of CVS yourself) then you will need autoconf-2.61 to rebuild
74 the automatically generated files by running "autoreconf". Earlier
75 version may also work but this is not guaranteed.
77 http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/
79 Basic Security Module (BSM):
81 Native BSM support is know to exist in Solaris from at least 2.5.1,
82 FreeBSD 6.1 and OS X. Alternatively, you may use the OpenBSM
83 implementation (http://www.openbsm.org).
86 2. Building / Installation
87 --------------------------
89 To install OpenSSH with default options:
95 This will install the OpenSSH binaries in /usr/local/bin, configuration files
96 in /usr/local/etc, the server in /usr/local/sbin, etc. To specify a different
97 installation prefix, use the --prefix option to configure:
99 ./configure --prefix=/opt
103 Will install OpenSSH in /opt/{bin,etc,lib,sbin}. You can also override
104 specific paths, for example:
106 ./configure --prefix=/opt --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh
110 This will install the binaries in /opt/{bin,lib,sbin}, but will place the
111 configuration files in /etc/ssh.
113 If you are using Privilege Separation (which is enabled by default)
114 then you will also need to create the user, group and directory used by
115 sshd for privilege separation. See README.privsep for details.
117 If you are using PAM, you may need to manually install a PAM control
118 file as "/etc/pam.d/sshd" (or wherever your system prefers to keep
119 them). Note that the service name used to start PAM is __progname,
120 which is the basename of the path of your sshd (e.g., the service name
121 for /usr/sbin/osshd will be osshd). If you have renamed your sshd
122 executable, your PAM configuration may need to be modified.
124 A generic PAM configuration is included as "contrib/sshd.pam.generic",
125 you may need to edit it before using it on your system. If you are
126 using a recent version of Red Hat Linux, the config file in
127 contrib/redhat/sshd.pam should be more useful. Failure to install a
128 valid PAM file may result in an inability to use password
129 authentication. On HP-UX 11 and Solaris, the standard /etc/pam.conf
130 configuration will work with sshd (sshd will match the other service
133 There are a few other options to the configure script:
135 --with-audit=[module] enable additional auditing via the specified module.
136 Currently, drivers for "debug" (additional info via syslog) and "bsm"
137 (Sun's Basic Security Module) are supported.
139 --with-pam enables PAM support. If PAM support is compiled in, it must
140 also be enabled in sshd_config (refer to the UsePAM directive).
142 --with-prngd-socket=/some/file allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD
143 support and to specify a PRNGd socket. Use this if your Unix lacks
144 /dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy
147 --with-prngd-port=portnum allows you to enable EGD or PRNGD support
148 and to specify a EGD localhost TCP port. Use this if your Unix lacks
149 /dev/random and you don't want to use OpenSSH's builtin entropy
152 --with-lastlog=FILE will specify the location of the lastlog file.
153 ./configure searches a few locations for lastlog, but may not find
154 it if lastlog is installed in a different place.
156 --without-lastlog will disable lastlog support entirely.
158 --with-osfsia, --without-osfsia will enable or disable OSF1's Security
159 Integration Architecture. The default for OSF1 machines is enable.
161 --with-skey=PATH will enable S/Key one time password support. You will
162 need the S/Key libraries and header files installed for this to work.
164 --with-tcp-wrappers will enable TCP Wrappers (/etc/hosts.allow|deny)
165 support. You will need libwrap.a and tcpd.h installed.
167 --with-md5-passwords will enable the use of MD5 passwords. Enable this
168 if your operating system uses MD5 passwords and the system crypt() does
169 not support them directly (see the crypt(3/3c) man page). If enabled, the
170 resulting binary will support both MD5 and traditional crypt passwords.
172 --with-utmpx enables utmpx support. utmpx support is automatic for
175 --without-shadow disables shadow password support.
177 --with-ipaddr-display forces the use of a numeric IP address in the
178 $DISPLAY environment variable. Some broken systems need this.
180 --with-default-path=PATH allows you to specify a default $PATH for sessions
181 started by sshd. This replaces the standard path entirely.
183 --with-pid-dir=PATH specifies the directory in which the ssh.pid file is
186 --with-xauth=PATH specifies the location of the xauth binary
188 --with-ssl-dir=DIR allows you to specify where your OpenSSL libraries
191 --with-ssl-engine enables OpenSSL's (hardware) ENGINE support
193 --with-4in6 Check for IPv4 in IPv6 mapped addresses and convert them to
194 real (AF_INET) IPv4 addresses. Works around some quirks on Linux.
197 --with-sectok=DIR allows for OpenSC or sectok smartcard libraries to
198 be used with OpenSSH. See 'README.smartcard' for more details.
200 If you need to pass special options to the compiler or linker, you
201 can specify these as environment variables before running ./configure.
204 CFLAGS="-O -m486" LDFLAGS="-s" LIBS="-lrubbish" LD="/usr/foo/ld" ./configure
209 The runtime configuration files are installed by in ${prefix}/etc or
210 whatever you specified as your --sysconfdir (/usr/local/etc by default).
212 The default configuration should be instantly usable, though you should
213 review it to ensure that it matches your security requirements.
215 To generate a host key, run "make host-key". Alternately you can do so
216 manually using the following commands:
218 ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N ""
219 ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ""
220 ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N ""
222 Replacing /etc/ssh with the correct path to the configuration directory.
223 (${prefix}/etc or whatever you specified with --sysconfdir during
226 If you have configured OpenSSH with EGD support, ensure that EGD is
227 running and has collected some Entropy.
229 For more information on configuration, please refer to the manual pages
230 for sshd, ssh and ssh-agent.
232 4. (Optional) Send survey
233 -------------------------
236 [check the contents of the file "survey" to ensure there's no information
237 that you consider sensitive]
240 This will send configuration information for the currently configured
241 host to a survey address. This will help determine which configurations
242 are actually in use, and what valid combinations of configure options
243 exist. The raw data is available only to the OpenSSH developers, however
244 summary data may be published.
249 If you experience problems compiling, installing or running OpenSSH.
250 Please refer to the "reporting bugs" section of the webpage at
251 http://www.openssh.com/