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884dc78b | 1 | .\" -*- nroff -*- |
2 | .\" | |
3 | .\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi> | |
4 | .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland | |
5 | .\" All rights reserved | |
6 | .\" | |
7 | .\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software | |
8 | .\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this | |
9 | .\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is | |
10 | .\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be | |
11 | .\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell". | |
12 | .\" | |
13 | .\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved. | |
14 | .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved. | |
15 | .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved. | |
16 | .\" | |
17 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | |
18 | .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
19 | .\" are met: | |
20 | .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
21 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
22 | .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
23 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
24 | .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
25 | .\" | |
26 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR | |
27 | .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES | |
28 | .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. | |
29 | .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, | |
30 | .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT | |
31 | .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, | |
32 | .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY | |
33 | .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT | |
34 | .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF | |
35 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. | |
36 | .\" | |
08822d99 | 37 | .\" $OpenBSD: sshd_config.5,v 1.48 2006/01/02 17:09:49 jmc Exp $ |
884dc78b | 38 | .Dd September 25, 1999 |
39 | .Dt SSHD_CONFIG 5 | |
40 | .Os | |
41 | .Sh NAME | |
42 | .Nm sshd_config | |
43 | .Nd OpenSSH SSH daemon configuration file | |
44 | .Sh SYNOPSIS | |
45 | .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact | |
46 | .It Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config | |
47 | .El | |
48 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | |
49 | .Nm sshd | |
50 | reads configuration data from | |
51 | .Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config | |
52 | (or the file specified with | |
53 | .Fl f | |
54 | on the command line). | |
55 | The file contains keyword-argument pairs, one per line. | |
56 | Lines starting with | |
57 | .Ql # | |
58 | and empty lines are interpreted as comments. | |
59 | .Pp | |
60 | The possible | |
61 | keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that | |
62 | keywords are case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive): | |
63 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
7e82606e | 64 | .It Cm AcceptEnv |
65 | Specifies what environment variables sent by the client will be copied into | |
66 | the session's | |
67 | .Xr environ 7 . | |
68 | See | |
69 | .Cm SendEnv | |
70 | in | |
71 | .Xr ssh_config 5 | |
72 | for how to configure the client. | |
73 | Note that environment passing is only supported for protocol 2. | |
74 | Variables are specified by name, which may contain the wildcard characters | |
75 | .Ql \&* | |
76 | and | |
77 | .Ql \&? . | |
78 | Multiple environment variables may be separated by whitespace or spread | |
79 | across multiple | |
80 | .Cm AcceptEnv | |
81 | directives. | |
82 | Be warned that some environment variables could be used to bypass restricted | |
83 | user environments. | |
84 | For this reason, care should be taken in the use of this directive. | |
85 | The default is not to accept any environment variables. | |
dfddba3d | 86 | .It Cm AddressFamily |
87 | Specifies which address family should be used by | |
88 | .Nm sshd . | |
89 | Valid arguments are | |
90 | .Dq any , | |
91 | .Dq inet | |
92 | (use IPv4 only) or | |
93 | .Dq inet6 | |
94 | (use IPv6 only). | |
95 | The default is | |
96 | .Dq any . | |
884dc78b | 97 | .It Cm AllowGroups |
98 | This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated | |
99 | by spaces. | |
100 | If specified, login is allowed only for users whose primary | |
101 | group or supplementary group list matches one of the patterns. | |
102 | .Ql \&* | |
103 | and | |
7cac2b65 | 104 | .Ql \&? |
884dc78b | 105 | can be used as |
106 | wildcards in the patterns. | |
107 | Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized. | |
108 | By default, login is allowed for all groups. | |
884dc78b | 109 | .It Cm AllowTcpForwarding |
110 | Specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted. | |
111 | The default is | |
112 | .Dq yes . | |
113 | Note that disabling TCP forwarding does not improve security unless | |
114 | users are also denied shell access, as they can always install their | |
115 | own forwarders. | |
884dc78b | 116 | .It Cm AllowUsers |
117 | This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated | |
118 | by spaces. | |
bfe49944 | 119 | If specified, login is allowed only for user names that |
884dc78b | 120 | match one of the patterns. |
121 | .Ql \&* | |
122 | and | |
7cac2b65 | 123 | .Ql \&? |
884dc78b | 124 | can be used as |
125 | wildcards in the patterns. | |
126 | Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized. | |
127 | By default, login is allowed for all users. | |
128 | If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST | |
129 | are separately checked, restricting logins to particular | |
130 | users from particular hosts. | |
884dc78b | 131 | .It Cm AuthorizedKeysFile |
132 | Specifies the file that contains the public keys that can be used | |
133 | for user authentication. | |
134 | .Cm AuthorizedKeysFile | |
135 | may contain tokens of the form %T which are substituted during connection | |
7cac2b65 | 136 | set-up. |
137 | The following tokens are defined: %% is replaced by a literal '%', | |
884dc78b | 138 | %h is replaced by the home directory of the user being authenticated and |
139 | %u is replaced by the username of that user. | |
140 | After expansion, | |
141 | .Cm AuthorizedKeysFile | |
142 | is taken to be an absolute path or one relative to the user's home | |
143 | directory. | |
144 | The default is | |
145 | .Dq .ssh/authorized_keys . | |
146 | .It Cm Banner | |
147 | In some jurisdictions, sending a warning message before authentication | |
148 | may be relevant for getting legal protection. | |
149 | The contents of the specified file are sent to the remote user before | |
150 | authentication is allowed. | |
151 | This option is only available for protocol version 2. | |
152 | By default, no banner is displayed. | |
884dc78b | 153 | .It Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication |
154 | Specifies whether challenge response authentication is allowed. | |
155 | All authentication styles from | |
156 | .Xr login.conf 5 | |
157 | are supported. | |
158 | The default is | |
159 | .Dq yes . | |
160 | .It Cm Ciphers | |
161 | Specifies the ciphers allowed for protocol version 2. | |
162 | Multiple ciphers must be comma-separated. | |
7e82606e | 163 | The supported ciphers are |
164 | .Dq 3des-cbc , | |
165 | .Dq aes128-cbc , | |
166 | .Dq aes192-cbc , | |
167 | .Dq aes256-cbc , | |
168 | .Dq aes128-ctr , | |
169 | .Dq aes192-ctr , | |
170 | .Dq aes256-ctr , | |
2ce0bfe4 | 171 | .Dq arcfour128 , |
172 | .Dq arcfour256 , | |
7e82606e | 173 | .Dq arcfour , |
174 | .Dq blowfish-cbc , | |
175 | and | |
176 | .Dq cast128-cbc . | |
884dc78b | 177 | The default is |
884dc78b | 178 | .Bd -literal |
2ce0bfe4 | 179 | ``aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128, |
180 | arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,aes128-ctr, | |
181 | aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr'' | |
884dc78b | 182 | .Ed |
884dc78b | 183 | .It Cm ClientAliveCountMax |
08822d99 | 184 | Sets the number of client alive messages (see below) which may be |
884dc78b | 185 | sent without |
186 | .Nm sshd | |
7cac2b65 | 187 | receiving any messages back from the client. |
188 | If this threshold is reached while client alive messages are being sent, | |
884dc78b | 189 | .Nm sshd |
7cac2b65 | 190 | will disconnect the client, terminating the session. |
191 | It is important to note that the use of client alive messages is very | |
192 | different from | |
540d72c3 | 193 | .Cm TCPKeepAlive |
7cac2b65 | 194 | (below). |
195 | The client alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel | |
196 | and therefore will not be spoofable. | |
197 | The TCP keepalive option enabled by | |
540d72c3 | 198 | .Cm TCPKeepAlive |
7cac2b65 | 199 | is spoofable. |
200 | The client alive mechanism is valuable when the client or | |
884dc78b | 201 | server depend on knowing when a connection has become inactive. |
202 | .Pp | |
7cac2b65 | 203 | The default value is 3. |
204 | If | |
884dc78b | 205 | .Cm ClientAliveInterval |
08822d99 | 206 | (see below) is set to 15, and |
884dc78b | 207 | .Cm ClientAliveCountMax |
208 | is left at the default, unresponsive ssh clients | |
209 | will be disconnected after approximately 45 seconds. | |
2ce0bfe4 | 210 | .It Cm ClientAliveInterval |
211 | Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has been received | |
212 | from the client, | |
213 | .Nm sshd | |
214 | will send a message through the encrypted | |
215 | channel to request a response from the client. | |
216 | The default | |
217 | is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to the client. | |
218 | This option applies to protocol version 2 only. | |
884dc78b | 219 | .It Cm Compression |
2ce0bfe4 | 220 | Specifies whether compression is allowed, or delayed until |
221 | the user has authenticated successfully. | |
884dc78b | 222 | The argument must be |
2ce0bfe4 | 223 | .Dq yes , |
224 | .Dq delayed , | |
884dc78b | 225 | or |
226 | .Dq no . | |
227 | The default is | |
2ce0bfe4 | 228 | .Dq delayed . |
884dc78b | 229 | .It Cm DenyGroups |
230 | This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns, separated | |
231 | by spaces. | |
232 | Login is disallowed for users whose primary group or supplementary | |
233 | group list matches one of the patterns. | |
234 | .Ql \&* | |
235 | and | |
7cac2b65 | 236 | .Ql \&? |
884dc78b | 237 | can be used as |
238 | wildcards in the patterns. | |
239 | Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recognized. | |
240 | By default, login is allowed for all groups. | |
884dc78b | 241 | .It Cm DenyUsers |
242 | This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns, separated | |
243 | by spaces. | |
244 | Login is disallowed for user names that match one of the patterns. | |
245 | .Ql \&* | |
246 | and | |
7cac2b65 | 247 | .Ql \&? |
884dc78b | 248 | can be used as wildcards in the patterns. |
249 | Only user names are valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized. | |
250 | By default, login is allowed for all users. | |
251 | If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and HOST | |
252 | are separately checked, restricting logins to particular | |
253 | users from particular hosts. | |
254 | .It Cm GatewayPorts | |
255 | Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to ports | |
256 | forwarded for the client. | |
257 | By default, | |
258 | .Nm sshd | |
bfe49944 | 259 | binds remote port forwardings to the loopback address. |
260 | This prevents other remote hosts from connecting to forwarded ports. | |
884dc78b | 261 | .Cm GatewayPorts |
262 | can be used to specify that | |
263 | .Nm sshd | |
dfddba3d | 264 | should allow remote port forwardings to bind to non-loopback addresses, thus |
265 | allowing other hosts to connect. | |
266 | The argument may be | |
267 | .Dq no | |
268 | to force remote port forwardings to be available to the local host only, | |
884dc78b | 269 | .Dq yes |
dfddba3d | 270 | to force remote port forwardings to bind to the wildcard address, or |
271 | .Dq clientspecified | |
272 | to allow the client to select the address to which the forwarding is bound. | |
884dc78b | 273 | The default is |
274 | .Dq no . | |
7cac2b65 | 275 | .It Cm GSSAPIAuthentication |
276 | Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed. | |
540d72c3 | 277 | The default is |
c5448518 | 278 | .Dq yes . |
7cac2b65 | 279 | Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only. |
c5448518 | 280 | .It Cm GSSAPIKeyExchange |
fe4ad273 | 281 | Specifies whether key exchange based on GSSAPI is allowed. GSSAPI key exchange |
282 | doesn't rely on ssh keys to verify host identity. | |
44a053a3 | 283 | The default is |
284 | .Dq yes . | |
c5448518 | 285 | Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only. |
fe4ad273 | 286 | .It Cm GSSAPICleanupCredentials |
287 | Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's credentials cache | |
288 | on logout. | |
44a053a3 | 289 | The default is |
290 | .Dq yes . | |
c5448518 | 291 | Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only. |
826a9049 | 292 | .It Cm GSIAllowLimitedProxy |
293 | Specifies whether to accept limited proxy credentials for | |
294 | authentication. | |
295 | The default is | |
296 | .Dq no . | |
c5448518 | 297 | .It Cm HostbasedAuthentication |
298 | Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together | |
299 | with successful public key client host authentication is allowed | |
300 | (hostbased authentication). | |
301 | This option is similar to | |
302 | .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication | |
303 | and applies to protocol version 2 only. | |
52b36949 | 304 | The default is |
c5448518 | 305 | .Dq no . |
884dc78b | 306 | .It Cm HostKey |
307 | Specifies a file containing a private host key | |
308 | used by SSH. | |
309 | The default is | |
310 | .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key | |
311 | for protocol version 1, and | |
312 | .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key | |
313 | and | |
314 | .Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key | |
315 | for protocol version 2. | |
316 | Note that | |
317 | .Nm sshd | |
318 | will refuse to use a file if it is group/world-accessible. | |
319 | It is possible to have multiple host key files. | |
320 | .Dq rsa1 | |
321 | keys are used for version 1 and | |
322 | .Dq dsa | |
323 | or | |
324 | .Dq rsa | |
325 | are used for version 2 of the SSH protocol. | |
326 | .It Cm IgnoreRhosts | |
327 | Specifies that | |
328 | .Pa .rhosts | |
329 | and | |
330 | .Pa .shosts | |
331 | files will not be used in | |
884dc78b | 332 | .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication |
333 | or | |
334 | .Cm HostbasedAuthentication . | |
335 | .Pp | |
336 | .Pa /etc/hosts.equiv | |
337 | and | |
338 | .Pa /etc/shosts.equiv | |
339 | are still used. | |
340 | The default is | |
341 | .Dq yes . | |
342 | .It Cm IgnoreUserKnownHosts | |
343 | Specifies whether | |
344 | .Nm sshd | |
345 | should ignore the user's | |
2ce0bfe4 | 346 | .Pa ~/.ssh/known_hosts |
884dc78b | 347 | during |
348 | .Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication | |
349 | or | |
350 | .Cm HostbasedAuthentication . | |
351 | The default is | |
352 | .Dq no . | |
884dc78b | 353 | .It Cm KerberosAuthentication |
7cac2b65 | 354 | Specifies whether the password provided by the user for |
884dc78b | 355 | .Cm PasswordAuthentication |
7cac2b65 | 356 | will be validated through the Kerberos KDC. |
884dc78b | 357 | To use this option, the server needs a |
358 | Kerberos servtab which allows the verification of the KDC's identity. | |
359 | Default is | |
360 | .Dq no . | |
12a403af | 361 | .It Cm KerberosGetAFSToken |
08822d99 | 362 | If AFS is active and the user has a Kerberos 5 TGT, attempt to acquire |
12a403af | 363 | an AFS token before accessing the user's home directory. |
364 | Default is | |
365 | .Dq no . | |
884dc78b | 366 | .It Cm KerberosOrLocalPasswd |
367 | If set then if password authentication through Kerberos fails then | |
368 | the password will be validated via any additional local mechanism | |
369 | such as | |
370 | .Pa /etc/passwd . | |
371 | Default is | |
372 | .Dq yes . | |
884dc78b | 373 | .It Cm KerberosTicketCleanup |
374 | Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's ticket cache | |
375 | file on logout. | |
376 | Default is | |
377 | .Dq yes . | |
378 | .It Cm KeyRegenerationInterval | |
379 | In protocol version 1, the ephemeral server key is automatically regenerated | |
380 | after this many seconds (if it has been used). | |
381 | The purpose of regeneration is to prevent | |
382 | decrypting captured sessions by later breaking into the machine and | |
383 | stealing the keys. | |
384 | The key is never stored anywhere. | |
385 | If the value is 0, the key is never regenerated. | |
386 | The default is 3600 (seconds). | |
387 | .It Cm ListenAddress | |
388 | Specifies the local addresses | |
389 | .Nm sshd | |
390 | should listen on. | |
391 | The following forms may be used: | |
392 | .Pp | |
393 | .Bl -item -offset indent -compact | |
394 | .It | |
395 | .Cm ListenAddress | |
396 | .Sm off | |
397 | .Ar host No | Ar IPv4_addr No | Ar IPv6_addr | |
398 | .Sm on | |
399 | .It | |
400 | .Cm ListenAddress | |
401 | .Sm off | |
402 | .Ar host No | Ar IPv4_addr No : Ar port | |
403 | .Sm on | |
404 | .It | |
405 | .Cm ListenAddress | |
406 | .Sm off | |
407 | .Oo | |
408 | .Ar host No | Ar IPv6_addr Oc : Ar port | |
409 | .Sm on | |
410 | .El | |
411 | .Pp | |
412 | If | |
413 | .Ar port | |
414 | is not specified, | |
415 | .Nm sshd | |
416 | will listen on the address and all prior | |
417 | .Cm Port | |
7cac2b65 | 418 | options specified. |
419 | The default is to listen on all local addresses. | |
bfe49944 | 420 | Multiple |
884dc78b | 421 | .Cm ListenAddress |
7cac2b65 | 422 | options are permitted. |
423 | Additionally, any | |
884dc78b | 424 | .Cm Port |
425 | options must precede this option for non port qualified addresses. | |
426 | .It Cm LoginGraceTime | |
427 | The server disconnects after this time if the user has not | |
428 | successfully logged in. | |
429 | If the value is 0, there is no time limit. | |
d03f4262 | 430 | The default is 120 seconds. |
884dc78b | 431 | .It Cm LogLevel |
432 | Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from | |
433 | .Nm sshd . | |
434 | The possible values are: | |
435 | QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO, VERBOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1, DEBUG2 and DEBUG3. | |
bfe49944 | 436 | The default is INFO. |
437 | DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent. | |
438 | DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify higher levels of debugging output. | |
439 | Logging with a DEBUG level violates the privacy of users and is not recommended. | |
884dc78b | 440 | .It Cm MACs |
441 | Specifies the available MAC (message authentication code) algorithms. | |
442 | The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version 2 | |
443 | for data integrity protection. | |
444 | Multiple algorithms must be comma-separated. | |
445 | The default is | |
446 | .Dq hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 . | |
7e82606e | 447 | .It Cm MaxAuthTries |
448 | Specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per | |
449 | connection. | |
450 | Once the number of failures reaches half this value, | |
451 | additional failures are logged. | |
452 | The default is 6. | |
884dc78b | 453 | .It Cm MaxStartups |
454 | Specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the | |
455 | .Nm sshd | |
456 | daemon. | |
457 | Additional connections will be dropped until authentication succeeds or the | |
458 | .Cm LoginGraceTime | |
459 | expires for a connection. | |
460 | The default is 10. | |
461 | .Pp | |
462 | Alternatively, random early drop can be enabled by specifying | |
463 | the three colon separated values | |
464 | .Dq start:rate:full | |
465 | (e.g., "10:30:60"). | |
466 | .Nm sshd | |
467 | will refuse connection attempts with a probability of | |
468 | .Dq rate/100 | |
469 | (30%) | |
470 | if there are currently | |
471 | .Dq start | |
472 | (10) | |
473 | unauthenticated connections. | |
474 | The probability increases linearly and all connection attempts | |
475 | are refused if the number of unauthenticated connections reaches | |
476 | .Dq full | |
477 | (60). | |
478 | .It Cm PasswordAuthentication | |
479 | Specifies whether password authentication is allowed. | |
480 | The default is | |
481 | .Dq yes . | |
482 | .It Cm PermitEmptyPasswords | |
483 | When password authentication is allowed, it specifies whether the | |
484 | server allows login to accounts with empty password strings. | |
485 | The default is | |
486 | .Dq no . | |
487 | .It Cm PermitRootLogin | |
dfddba3d | 488 | Specifies whether root can log in using |
884dc78b | 489 | .Xr ssh 1 . |
490 | The argument must be | |
491 | .Dq yes , | |
492 | .Dq without-password , | |
493 | .Dq forced-commands-only | |
494 | or | |
495 | .Dq no . | |
496 | The default is | |
497 | .Dq yes . | |
498 | .Pp | |
499 | If this option is set to | |
500 | .Dq without-password | |
dfddba3d | 501 | password authentication is disabled for root. |
884dc78b | 502 | .Pp |
503 | If this option is set to | |
504 | .Dq forced-commands-only | |
505 | root login with public key authentication will be allowed, | |
506 | but only if the | |
507 | .Ar command | |
508 | option has been specified | |
509 | (which may be useful for taking remote backups even if root login is | |
7cac2b65 | 510 | normally not allowed). |
511 | All other authentication methods are disabled for root. | |
884dc78b | 512 | .Pp |
513 | If this option is set to | |
514 | .Dq no | |
dfddba3d | 515 | root is not allowed to log in. |
08822d99 | 516 | .It Cm PermitTunnel |
517 | Specifies whether | |
518 | .Xr tun 4 | |
519 | device forwarding is allowed. | |
520 | The argument must be | |
521 | .Dq yes , | |
522 | .Dq point-to-point , | |
523 | .Dq ethernet | |
524 | or | |
525 | .Dq no . | |
526 | The default is | |
527 | .Dq no . | |
d03f4262 | 528 | .It Cm PermitUserEnvironment |
529 | Specifies whether | |
530 | .Pa ~/.ssh/environment | |
531 | and | |
532 | .Cm environment= | |
533 | options in | |
534 | .Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys | |
535 | are processed by | |
536 | .Nm sshd . | |
537 | The default is | |
538 | .Dq no . | |
539 | Enabling environment processing may enable users to bypass access | |
540 | restrictions in some configurations using mechanisms such as | |
541 | .Ev LD_PRELOAD . | |
884dc78b | 542 | .It Cm PidFile |
276b07a3 | 543 | Specifies the file that contains the process ID of the |
884dc78b | 544 | .Nm sshd |
545 | daemon. | |
546 | The default is | |
547 | .Pa /var/run/sshd.pid . | |
548 | .It Cm Port | |
549 | Specifies the port number that | |
550 | .Nm sshd | |
551 | listens on. | |
552 | The default is 22. | |
553 | Multiple options of this type are permitted. | |
554 | See also | |
555 | .Cm ListenAddress . | |
556 | .It Cm PrintLastLog | |
557 | Specifies whether | |
558 | .Nm sshd | |
dfddba3d | 559 | should print the date and time of the last user login when a user logs |
560 | in interactively. | |
884dc78b | 561 | The default is |
562 | .Dq yes . | |
563 | .It Cm PrintMotd | |
564 | Specifies whether | |
565 | .Nm sshd | |
566 | should print | |
567 | .Pa /etc/motd | |
568 | when a user logs in interactively. | |
569 | (On some systems it is also printed by the shell, | |
570 | .Pa /etc/profile , | |
571 | or equivalent.) | |
572 | The default is | |
573 | .Dq yes . | |
574 | .It Cm Protocol | |
575 | Specifies the protocol versions | |
576 | .Nm sshd | |
d03f4262 | 577 | supports. |
884dc78b | 578 | The possible values are |
579 | .Dq 1 | |
580 | and | |
581 | .Dq 2 . | |
582 | Multiple versions must be comma-separated. | |
583 | The default is | |
584 | .Dq 2,1 . | |
d03f4262 | 585 | Note that the order of the protocol list does not indicate preference, |
586 | because the client selects among multiple protocol versions offered | |
587 | by the server. | |
588 | Specifying | |
589 | .Dq 2,1 | |
590 | is identical to | |
591 | .Dq 1,2 . | |
884dc78b | 592 | .It Cm PubkeyAuthentication |
593 | Specifies whether public key authentication is allowed. | |
594 | The default is | |
595 | .Dq yes . | |
596 | Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only. | |
884dc78b | 597 | .It Cm RhostsRSAAuthentication |
598 | Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication together | |
599 | with successful RSA host authentication is allowed. | |
600 | The default is | |
601 | .Dq no . | |
602 | This option applies to protocol version 1 only. | |
603 | .It Cm RSAAuthentication | |
604 | Specifies whether pure RSA authentication is allowed. | |
605 | The default is | |
606 | .Dq yes . | |
607 | This option applies to protocol version 1 only. | |
608 | .It Cm ServerKeyBits | |
609 | Defines the number of bits in the ephemeral protocol version 1 server key. | |
610 | The minimum value is 512, and the default is 768. | |
611 | .It Cm StrictModes | |
612 | Specifies whether | |
613 | .Nm sshd | |
614 | should check file modes and ownership of the | |
615 | user's files and home directory before accepting login. | |
616 | This is normally desirable because novices sometimes accidentally leave their | |
617 | directory or files world-writable. | |
618 | The default is | |
619 | .Dq yes . | |
620 | .It Cm Subsystem | |
621 | Configures an external subsystem (e.g., file transfer daemon). | |
622 | Arguments should be a subsystem name and a command to execute upon subsystem | |
623 | request. | |
624 | The command | |
625 | .Xr sftp-server 8 | |
626 | implements the | |
627 | .Dq sftp | |
628 | file transfer subsystem. | |
629 | By default no subsystems are defined. | |
630 | Note that this option applies to protocol version 2 only. | |
631 | .It Cm SyslogFacility | |
632 | Gives the facility code that is used when logging messages from | |
633 | .Nm sshd . | |
634 | The possible values are: DAEMON, USER, AUTH, LOCAL0, LOCAL1, LOCAL2, | |
635 | LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7. | |
636 | The default is AUTH. | |
540d72c3 | 637 | .It Cm TCPKeepAlive |
638 | Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive messages to the | |
639 | other side. | |
640 | If they are sent, death of the connection or crash of one | |
641 | of the machines will be properly noticed. | |
642 | However, this means that | |
643 | connections will die if the route is down temporarily, and some people | |
644 | find it annoying. | |
645 | On the other hand, if TCP keepalives are not sent, | |
646 | sessions may hang indefinitely on the server, leaving | |
647 | .Dq ghost | |
648 | users and consuming server resources. | |
649 | .Pp | |
650 | The default is | |
651 | .Dq yes | |
652 | (to send TCP keepalive messages), and the server will notice | |
653 | if the network goes down or the client host crashes. | |
654 | This avoids infinitely hanging sessions. | |
655 | .Pp | |
656 | To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to | |
657 | .Dq no . | |
7cac2b65 | 658 | .It Cm UseDNS |
659 | Specifies whether | |
660 | .Nm sshd | |
8b32eddc | 661 | should look up the remote host name and check that |
7cac2b65 | 662 | the resolved host name for the remote IP address maps back to the |
663 | very same IP address. | |
664 | The default is | |
665 | .Dq yes . | |
884dc78b | 666 | .It Cm UseLogin |
667 | Specifies whether | |
668 | .Xr login 1 | |
669 | is used for interactive login sessions. | |
670 | The default is | |
671 | .Dq no . | |
672 | Note that | |
673 | .Xr login 1 | |
674 | is never used for remote command execution. | |
675 | Note also, that if this is enabled, | |
676 | .Cm X11Forwarding | |
677 | will be disabled because | |
678 | .Xr login 1 | |
679 | does not know how to handle | |
680 | .Xr xauth 1 | |
bfe49944 | 681 | cookies. |
682 | If | |
884dc78b | 683 | .Cm UsePrivilegeSeparation |
684 | is specified, it will be disabled after authentication. | |
7cac2b65 | 685 | .It Cm UsePAM |
7e82606e | 686 | Enables the Pluggable Authentication Module interface. |
687 | If set to | |
688 | .Dq yes | |
689 | this will enable PAM authentication using | |
690 | .Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication | |
691 | and PAM account and session module processing for all authentication types. | |
692 | .Pp | |
693 | Because PAM challenge-response authentication usually serves an equivalent | |
694 | role to password authentication, you should disable either | |
695 | .Cm PasswordAuthentication | |
696 | or | |
697 | .Cm ChallengeResponseAuthentication. | |
698 | .Pp | |
699 | If | |
700 | .Cm UsePAM | |
701 | is enabled, you will not be able to run | |
702 | .Xr sshd 8 | |
703 | as a non-root user. | |
704 | The default is | |
540d72c3 | 705 | .Dq no . |
884dc78b | 706 | .It Cm UsePrivilegeSeparation |
707 | Specifies whether | |
708 | .Nm sshd | |
709 | separates privileges by creating an unprivileged child process | |
bfe49944 | 710 | to deal with incoming network traffic. |
711 | After successful authentication, another process will be created that has | |
712 | the privilege of the authenticated user. | |
713 | The goal of privilege separation is to prevent privilege | |
884dc78b | 714 | escalation by containing any corruption within the unprivileged processes. |
715 | The default is | |
716 | .Dq yes . | |
884dc78b | 717 | .It Cm X11DisplayOffset |
718 | Specifies the first display number available for | |
719 | .Nm sshd Ns 's | |
720 | X11 forwarding. | |
721 | This prevents | |
722 | .Nm sshd | |
723 | from interfering with real X11 servers. | |
724 | The default is 10. | |
725 | .It Cm X11Forwarding | |
726 | Specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted. | |
d03f4262 | 727 | The argument must be |
728 | .Dq yes | |
729 | or | |
730 | .Dq no . | |
884dc78b | 731 | The default is |
732 | .Dq no . | |
d03f4262 | 733 | .Pp |
734 | When X11 forwarding is enabled, there may be additional exposure to | |
735 | the server and to client displays if the | |
736 | .Nm sshd | |
737 | proxy display is configured to listen on the wildcard address (see | |
738 | .Cm X11UseLocalhost | |
739 | below), however this is not the default. | |
740 | Additionally, the authentication spoofing and authentication data | |
741 | verification and substitution occur on the client side. | |
742 | The security risk of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11 | |
743 | display server may be exposed to attack when the ssh client requests | |
744 | forwarding (see the warnings for | |
745 | .Cm ForwardX11 | |
746 | in | |
7cac2b65 | 747 | .Xr ssh_config 5 ) . |
d03f4262 | 748 | A system administrator may have a stance in which they want to |
749 | protect clients that may expose themselves to attack by unwittingly | |
750 | requesting X11 forwarding, which can warrant a | |
751 | .Dq no | |
752 | setting. | |
753 | .Pp | |
754 | Note that disabling X11 forwarding does not prevent users from | |
755 | forwarding X11 traffic, as users can always install their own forwarders. | |
884dc78b | 756 | X11 forwarding is automatically disabled if |
757 | .Cm UseLogin | |
758 | is enabled. | |
759 | .It Cm X11UseLocalhost | |
760 | Specifies whether | |
761 | .Nm sshd | |
762 | should bind the X11 forwarding server to the loopback address or to | |
bfe49944 | 763 | the wildcard address. |
764 | By default, | |
884dc78b | 765 | .Nm sshd |
766 | binds the forwarding server to the loopback address and sets the | |
767 | hostname part of the | |
768 | .Ev DISPLAY | |
769 | environment variable to | |
770 | .Dq localhost . | |
d03f4262 | 771 | This prevents remote hosts from connecting to the proxy display. |
884dc78b | 772 | However, some older X11 clients may not function with this |
773 | configuration. | |
774 | .Cm X11UseLocalhost | |
775 | may be set to | |
776 | .Dq no | |
777 | to specify that the forwarding server should be bound to the wildcard | |
778 | address. | |
779 | The argument must be | |
780 | .Dq yes | |
781 | or | |
782 | .Dq no . | |
783 | The default is | |
784 | .Dq yes . | |
785 | .It Cm XAuthLocation | |
d03f4262 | 786 | Specifies the full pathname of the |
884dc78b | 787 | .Xr xauth 1 |
788 | program. | |
789 | The default is | |
790 | .Pa /usr/X11R6/bin/xauth . | |
791 | .El | |
792 | .Ss Time Formats | |
884dc78b | 793 | .Nm sshd |
794 | command-line arguments and configuration file options that specify time | |
795 | may be expressed using a sequence of the form: | |
796 | .Sm off | |
d03f4262 | 797 | .Ar time Op Ar qualifier , |
884dc78b | 798 | .Sm on |
799 | where | |
800 | .Ar time | |
801 | is a positive integer value and | |
802 | .Ar qualifier | |
803 | is one of the following: | |
804 | .Pp | |
805 | .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent | |
806 | .It Cm <none> | |
807 | seconds | |
808 | .It Cm s | Cm S | |
809 | seconds | |
810 | .It Cm m | Cm M | |
811 | minutes | |
812 | .It Cm h | Cm H | |
813 | hours | |
814 | .It Cm d | Cm D | |
815 | days | |
816 | .It Cm w | Cm W | |
817 | weeks | |
818 | .El | |
819 | .Pp | |
820 | Each member of the sequence is added together to calculate | |
821 | the total time value. | |
822 | .Pp | |
823 | Time format examples: | |
824 | .Pp | |
825 | .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent | |
826 | .It 600 | |
827 | 600 seconds (10 minutes) | |
828 | .It 10m | |
829 | 10 minutes | |
830 | .It 1h30m | |
831 | 1 hour 30 minutes (90 minutes) | |
832 | .El | |
833 | .Sh FILES | |
834 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
835 | .It Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config | |
836 | Contains configuration data for | |
837 | .Nm sshd . | |
838 | This file should be writable by root only, but it is recommended | |
839 | (though not necessary) that it be world-readable. | |
840 | .El | |
7cac2b65 | 841 | .Sh SEE ALSO |
842 | .Xr sshd 8 | |
884dc78b | 843 | .Sh AUTHORS |
844 | OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free | |
845 | ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen. | |
846 | Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, | |
847 | Theo de Raadt and Dug Song | |
848 | removed many bugs, re-added newer features and | |
849 | created OpenSSH. | |
850 | Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH | |
851 | protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0. | |
852 | Niels Provos and Markus Friedl contributed support | |
853 | for privilege separation. |